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1700031224 设计问题(第一辑) [:1700029074]
1700031225 设计问题(第一辑) 5. 结语
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1700031227 笔者认为,有必要建立一种新的框架,从而理解城市设计行动主义的重要性、运作机制及其对日常生活的影响。简要的文献综述表明,现存的理论框架并不充分,并没有考虑到城市设计行动主义的要素和材料。譬如,索普将其框架建立在社会学概念的基础之上,而福阿德·鲁克的出发点是环境保护主义思想,如《五项资本框架》。
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1700031229 此外,笔者认为,有必要考察设计行动主义所引发的效应,使该实践的概念更加清晰。当然,索普所言的许多设计行为(例如传达和抗议行为)都可以囊入设计行动主义。但是,问题在于如果通过美学手段和表述,这些行为产生迪绍甫所阐述的效应:揭示、质疑和异议,那么就只能把这些行为视为设计行动主义。
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1700031231 迪绍甫在揭示这些效应的政治范畴方面迈出了一大步,但是他忽视了其美学维度。笔者认为,朗西埃意义上的美学转向有利于描述行动主义人工物是如何通过改变城市体验的环境促进社会变化的。
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1700031233 在融合这些视角的基础上,笔者提出了自己的框架。尽管这一框架并非完美无缺,但是朝着更全面的描述方向迈出了第一步。今后的城市设计工作和研究将会进一步充实这一框架。
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1700031235 [333]托马斯·马库森拥有比较文学与符号学的文学硕士学位、交互设计的博士学位,现任丹麦科灵设计学院传达设计系副教授,主要研究兴趣为设计行动主义、新媒体艺术和交互设计。
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1700031237 [334]Giovanna Borasi,Mirko Zardini, eds. Actions: What You Can Do with the City. Montréal: Canadian Centre for Architecture, 2008; Carl DiSalvo.“Design, Democracy and Agonistic Pluralism”. paper presented at the Design Research Society Conference, Montreal, July 7~9, 2010; Alistair Fuad-Luke. Design Activism: Beautiful Strangeness for a Sustainable World. London: Routledge, 2009; Lize Mogel, Alexis Bhagat. An Atlas of Radical Cartography. Canada: Journal of Aesthetics & Protest Press, 2008; Ann Thorpe “Design as Activism: A Conceptual Tool”. paper presented at the Changing the Change Conference, Turin, Italy, July 10~12, 2008
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1700031239 [335]参见http://designactivism.net/等,2011年2月访问。
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1700031241 [336]Alistair Fuad-Luke. Design Activism: Beautiful Strangeness
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1700031243 [337]Thorpe.“Design as Activism”; DiSalvo.“Design, Democracy and Agonistic Pluralism”
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1700031245 [338]Brian Holmes.“Do-it-yourself Geopolitics”. In: Urban/Act: A Handbook for Alternative Practice, ed. atelier d’architecture autogérée, www.peprav.net/tool/IMG/pdf/URBAN-ACT_release.pdf,2010年2月访问。
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1700031247 [339]Jacques Rancière. The Politics of Aesthetics. London: Continuum, 2004; Jacques Rancière. Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics. London & New York: Continuum, 2010
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1700031249 [340]Thorpe.“Design as activism”
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1700031251 [341]Fuad-Luke. Design Activism: Beautiful Strangeness. 81
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1700031253 [342]Fuad-Luke. Design Activism: Beautiful Strangeness. 10
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1700031255 [343]DiSalvo.“Design, Democracy and Agonistic Pluralism”
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1700031257 [344]参见Chantal Mouffe.“Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism?”. Social Research, 1999, 66(3); Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London: Verso, 2001。
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1700031259 [345]DiSalvo.“Design, Democracy and Agonistic Pluralism”
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1700031261 [346]DiSalvo.“Design, Democracy and Agonistic Pluralism”. 5
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1700031263 [347]试比较Oliver Marchart.“Art, Space and the Public Sphere(s): Some Basic Observations on the Difficult Relation of Public Art, Urbanism, and Political Theory”. European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies. http://eipcp.net/transversal/0102/marchart/en,2010年2月5日访问。
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1700031265 [348]Giovanna Borasi.“City 2.0”. in Actions: What You Can Do with the City. 21
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1700031267 [349]Jacques Rancière. The Politics of Aesthetics.London: Continuum, 2004; Jacques Rancière. Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics. London: Continuum, 2010
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1700031269 [350]Rancière. The Politics of Aesthetics. 12
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1700031271 [351]Steven Corcoran.“Introduction”. In: Jacques Rancière. Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics. 2
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