1700032050 [13]Kees Dorst, The Core of“Design Thinking”and its Application, Design Studies, vol.32, no.6（2011）：521-32.

1700032051

1700032052 [14]Bryan Lawson, How Designers Think：The Design Process Demystified（4th ed.）（Amsterdam：Elsevier, 2006）, 125；and Nigel Cross, Designerly Ways of Knowing,（London：Springer-Verlag, 2006）, 80. See also：Kees Dorst and Nigel Cross, Creativity in the Design Process：Co-Evolution of Problem-Solution, Design Studies, vol.22, no.5（2001）：425-37；Nigel Cross, Design Thinking（Oxford：Berg Publishing, 2011）；and Jon Kolko, Abductive Thinking and Sensemaking：The Drivers of Design Synthesis, Design Issues, vol.26, no.1（2010）：15-28.

1700032053

1700032054 [15]H. W. J. Rittel and M. M. Webber, Planning Problems are Wicked Problems, in Developments in Design Methodology, Nigel Cross, ed.（Chichester：Wiley, 1984）；Richard Buchanan, Wicked Problems in Design thinking, Design Issues, vol.8, no.2（1992）：5-22；Richard Coyne, Wicked Problems Revisited, Design Studies, vol.26, no.1（2004）：5-17；and K. Dorst, Design Problems and Design Paradoxes, Design Issues：, vol.22, no.3（2006）：4-17.

1700032055

1700032056 [16]Larry A. Hickman, John Dewey’s Pragmatic Technology（Bloomington, IN：Indiana University Press, 1990）；Larry A. Hickman, Philosophical Tools for Technological Culture：Putting Pragmatism to Work（Bloomington, IN：Indiana University Press, 2001）；Jozef Keulartz, Maartje Schermer, Michiel Korthals, and Tsjalling Swierstra, Ethics in Technological Culture：A. Programmatic Proposal for a Pragmatist Approach, Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol.29, no.1（2004）：3-29；Gerald A. Emison, The Complex Challenges of Ethical Choices by Engineers in Public Service, Science and Engineering Ethics, vol.12, no.2（2006）：233-44；Peter Dalsgaard, Designing Engaging Interactive Environments：A Pragmatist Perspective（PhD dissertation）（Aarhus University, 2009）；Steven A. Moore, ed., Pragmatic Sustainability：Theoretical and Practical Tools（London：Routledge, 2010）；and Richard Sennett, The Craftsman（London：Penguin Books, 2008）. See also：Gavin Melles, New Pragmatism and the Vocabulary and Metaphors of Scholarly Design Research, Design Issues, vol.24, no.4（2008）：88-101；and Carl DiSalvo, Design and the Construction of Publics, Design Issues, vol.25, no.1（2009）：48-63.

1700032057

1700032058 [17]John Dewey, Art as Experience（1934；New York：The Berkley Publishing Group, 2005）.

1700032059

1700032060 [18]Donald A. Schön, The Reflective Practitioner：How Professionals Think in Action（New York：Basic Books, 1983）；and D. A. Schön,“Design：A Process of Enquiry, Experimentation and Research, Design Studies 5, no.3（1984）：130-31. Schön wrote his dissertation on Dewey’s theory of inquiry.

1700032061

1700032062 [19]David Hildebrand, Dewey：A Beginner’s Guide（Oxford：Oneworld, 2008）, 3.

1700032063

1700032064 [20]John Dewey, The Need for a Recovery of Philosophy, in Creative intelligence：Essays in the Pragmatic Attitude, J. Dewey, ed.（New York：Henry Holt and Co., 1917）, 65.

1700032065

1700032066 [21]D. Hildebrand, Dewey（2008）, 4-6.

1700032067

1700032068 [22]John Dewey, Experience and Nature（La Salle：Open Court Publishing, 1965）, 3-4.

1700032069

1700032070 [23]Dewey, Experience and Nature, 5-9.

1700032071

1700032072 [24]John Dewey, Reconstruction in Philosophy（New York：Henry Holt and Co., 1920）, 78.

1700032073

1700032074 [25]Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club：A Story of Ideas in America（New York：Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001）, 360, 322.

1700032075

1700032076 [26]Remko Van der Lugt and Pieter Jan Stappers, Design and the Growth of Knowledge（Delft University of Technology, 2006）；and Pieter Jan Stappers, Doing Design as a Part of Doing Research, in Design Research Now：Essays and Selected Projects, R. Michel, ed.,（Basel：Birkhäuser Verlag, 2007）, 81-91.

1700032077

1700032078 [27]Dewey, Reconstruction in Philosophy, 178.

1700032079

1700032080 [28]Dewey, Experience and Nature, 179.

1700032081

1700032082 [29]Dewey, Reconstruction in Philosophy, 156.

1700032083

1700032084 [30]Hildebrand, Dewey（2008）, 5.

1700032085

1700032086 [31]Victor Papanek, Design for the Real World：Human Ecology and Social Change（2nd ed.）,（London：Thames & Hudson, 1991）and Victor Margolin, The Politics of the Artificial：Essays on Design and Design Studies（Chicago：University of Chicago Press, 2002）；Gui Bonsiepe, Design and Democracy, Design Issues, vol.22, no.2（2006）：27-34；Andy Dong, The Policy of Design：A Capabilities Approach, Design Issues, vol.24, no.4（2008）：76-87；Dean Nieusma, Alternative Design Scholarship：Working Towards Appropriate Design, Design Issues, vol.20, no.3（2004）：13-24；and Ilse Oosterlaken, Design for Development：A Capability Approach, Design Issues, vol.25, no.4（2009）：91-102.

1700032087

1700032088 [32]Larry A. Hickman, Dewey’s Theory of Inquiry, in Reading Dewey, Larry A. Hickman, ed.,（1998）, 166-86；and Hildebrand, Dewey（2008）, 40-62.

1700032089

1700032090 [33]John Dewey, Logic：The Theory of Inquiry（New York：Henry Holt and Co., 1938）, 104-05.

1700032091

1700032092 [34]John J. Stuhr, Dewey’s Social and Political Philosophy, in Reading Dewey, 85.

1700032093

1700032094 [35]Hildebrand, Dewey（2008）, 63-93；and Gregory F. Pappas, Dewey’s Ethics：Morality as Experience, in Reading Dewey, Hickman, ed.,（1998）, 100-23.

1700032095

1700032096 [36]Hildebrand, Dewey（2008）, 63.

1700032097

1700032098 [37]Steven Fesmire, John Dewey and Moral Imagination：Pragmatism in Ethics（Bloomington, IN：Indiana University Press, 2003）, 82.

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