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设计问题(第二辑) DIY基础设施与设计实践的范围
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DIY Infrastructure and the Scope of Design Practice
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乔纳森•卢肯斯[1](Jonathan Lukens)
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本文译自《设计问题》杂志2013年(第29卷)第3期。
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基础设施对于设计行为而言,既是支撑,也是约束。首先,它是技术和造物重叠的系统,该系统为新产品和服务设计提供底层支持。设计师们在创造新的电力产品时,比如一盏灯,不需要设计发电、配电或调节系统,他们只需要确保他们所设计的产品能够与现有的系统兼容即可。
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另一方面(正好与第一点相反),设计受到现有的基础设施的限制。新设计的产品和服务必须和现有的基础设施对接,因此受惠于既有基础设施的设计决策。设计师们必须和基础设施所体现的过往设计决策的复杂的社会、政治和经济结果抗争。
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为了说明基础设施对设计师的重要意义,让我们重新审视一盏灯的设计。设计师依照重叠的标准,形成灯的形式属性,如功能、审美,并且考虑构件、装配、包装和运输的成本;除了明确指出适合灯的使用国的构件之外,很少需要考虑灯和电力基础设施的相互连接问题。设计师的设计假设是,一旦设计的灯与特定地点的电力系统连接正确,就会供电。设计师不需要考虑电力系统的程度取决于基础设施的普遍性和隐形状况。
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