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[23]例如,孔苏斯把词典文本直接发表在报纸的广告栏目或公告牌大小的街头广告上。
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[24]Anne Rorimer, New Art in the 60s and 70s:Redefining Reality(London:Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2001), 100.
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[25]其他成员时有变化,有段时间包括孔苏斯。
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[26]Terry Atkinson, et al., introduction to Art-Language:The Journal of Conceptual Art,(Coventry:Art & Language Press, 1969), 10.
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[27]这些“重叠语境”包括集团内的对话以及积极参与艺术教育。
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[28]Atkinson, et al., introduction to Art-Language, 3.
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[29]Atkinson, et al., introduction to Art-Language, 6-7.
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[30]Charles Harrison and Paul Wood,“Modernity and Modernism Reconsidered”in Modernism in Dispute:Art Since the Forties, eds., Paul Wood, Francis Frascina, Jonathan Harris and Charles Harrison(New Haven and London:Yale University Press, 1993), 208.
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[31]Pamela M. Lee,“Ultramoderne:Or How George Kubler Stole the Time in Sixties Art,”in Chronophobia:On Time in the Art of the 1960s(Massachusetts and London:The MIT Press, 2004), 218–56. 杰克·弗拉姆(Jack Flam)在史密森文集的序论中也讨论了这点:Jack Flam,“Introduction:Reading Robert Smithson,”in Robert Smithson:The Collected Writings(Berkley:University of California Press, 1996), xv–xvii。
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[32]参见Norbert Weiner’s, The Human Use of Human Beings(1950)and George Kubler’s, The Shape of Time:Remarks on the History of Things(1962)。
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[33]艺术家赛斯•拉姆斯登在他的文章《消散》中探究了这种转向。在以下链接可以免费下载其PDF文档:www.distributedhistory.com。
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[34]Ian Burn and Mel Ramsden, Notes on Analysis。节选部分再版于Six Years:The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966 to 1972, ed., Lucy Lippard(Berkley:University of California Press, Ltd., 1973 [1970]), 137。
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[35]Osborne, Conceptual Art,(2002).
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[36]Richard Hollis, Graphic Design:A Concise History(London:Thames and Hudson, 2001), 214.
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[37]J. Abbott Miller and Ellen Lupton, Design Writing Research:Writing on Graphic Design(New York:Kiosk, 1996), vi; 有关图49,参见Katherine McCoy with David Frej,“Typography as Discourse,”in ID magazine(New York:March/April, 1988), 34–37.
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[38]Steve Baker,“A Poetics of Graphic Design,”in Visible Language, special issue New Perspectives:Critical Histories of Graphic Design, Part 1, vol.28, no.3(1994).
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[39]参见Robin Kinross’s, Fellow Readers:Notes on Multiplied Language(London:Hyphen Press, 1994)。随后,金罗斯(Kinross)和杰拉德•莫兹(Gérard Mermoz)、肯尼斯•菲茨杰拉德(Kenneth FitzGerald)和杰弗瑞•肯迪(Jeffery Keedy)等在《流亡者》和《看杂志》(1995—1997)上展开了热烈的讨论 ;在1995年第34期《流亡者》中,肯迪在其文章《僵尸现代主义》中对此做了概述。
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设计问题(第二辑) 日本广告字体设计中的文字图像化
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Text as Image in Japanese Advertising Typography Design
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奥利•巴特尔[1](Ory Bartal)
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本文译自《设计问题》杂志2013年(第29卷)第1期。
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