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因此，无论是从心理学和工程学的角度，还是从我们在地球上掌握的现有知识来看，建立太空定居点将非常困难，但随着新技术的出现，又将具有可控性。但是从人类生物学角度呢？太空会杀死我们吗？在我们起飞之前，这个问题值得研究。
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[1] 2006年，国际天文联合会正式定义行星概念，将冥王星排除出行星行列，重新划为矮行星。——译注
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[2] Claude Lafleur，“Costs of US Piloted Programs，” Space Review ，March 8，2010，http：//www.thespacereview.com/article/1579/1.
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[3] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs，Population Division，“World Population Prospects：The 2017 Revision，Key Findings and Advance Tables，” 2017，https：//esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf.
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[4] Patrick Gerland et al.，“World Population Stabilization Unlikely This Century，” Science ，346（2014）：234-237，doi：10.1126/science.1257469.
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[5] Dana Gunders，“Wasted：How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Fork to Landfill，” NRDC Issue Paper，August 2012，https：//www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/wasted-food-IP.pdf；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory，“Americans Continue to Use More Renewable Energy Sources，” press release，July 18，2013，https：//www.llnl.gov/news/americans-continue-use-more-renewable-energy-sources.
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[6] Peter A.Curreri and Michael K.Detweiler，“A Contemporary Analysis of the O’Neill-Glaser Model for Space-Based Solar Power and Habitat Construction，” NASA Technical Reports Server，2011，doi：10.1061/41096（366）117.
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[7] Barbara Tuchman，A Distant Mirror：The Calamitous 14th Century （New York：Alfred A.Knopf，1978）.
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[8] 布莱恩·图恩创造了“核冬天”这个术语。他向我解释说，7.5亿这个数字是一个估值，指有多少人可依靠原始农业方式维持生活。
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[9] 目前地球上约有1万枚核弹头，大大少于20世纪70年代的约7万枚，这显然是一个积极的趋势。
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[10] Karen Meech et al.，“A Brief Visit from a Red and Extremely Elongated Interstellar Asteroid，” Nature 552（2017）：378-381，doi：10.1038/nature25020.
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[11] Philip Plait，private communication，April 8，2018.
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[12] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，“The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World”（FAO，2017），http：//www.fao.Org/3/a-I7695e.pdf.
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[13] Patrick T.Brown and Ken Caldeira，“Greater Future Global Warming Inferred from Earth’s Recent Energy Budget，” Nature 552（2017）：45-50，doi：10.1038/nature24672.
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[14] World Bank Group，“Turn Down the Heat：Confronting the New Climate Normal”（World Bank，2014），http：//documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/317301468242098870/Main-report.
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[15] Brian Thomas et al.，“Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Earth：Exploration of Atmospheric，Biological，Climatic and Biogeochemical Effects，” Astrophysical Journal 634（2005）：509-533，doi：10.1086/496914.
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[16] Adrian L.Melott and Brian C.Thomas，“Late Ordovician Geographic Patterns of Extinction Compared with Simulations of Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Damage，” Paleobiology 35（2009）：311-320，arⅩⅳ：0809.0899.
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[17] Julia Zorthian，“Stephen Hawking Says Humans Have 100 Years to Move to Another Planet，” Time ，May 4，2017，http：//time.com/4767595/enums；Justin Worland，“Stephen Hawking Gives Humans a Deadline for Finding a New Planet，” Time ，November 17，2016，http：//time.com/4575054/stephen-hawking-humans-new-planet.
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[18] Peter Gillman and Leni Gillman，The Wildest Dream：The Biography of George Mallory （Seattle：Mountaineers Books，2001），222.
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[19] Colin Summerhayes and Peter Beeching，“Hitler’s Antarctic Base：The Myth and the Reality，” Polar Record 43（2007）：1-21，doi：10.1017/S003224740600578X.
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[20] United States Department of State，“The Antarctic Treaty，” https：//www.state.gov/documents/organization/81421.pdf.
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[21] United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs，“Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space，including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies，” http：//www.unoosa.org/pdf/gares/ARES_21_2222E.pdf.
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[22] Mahlon C.Kennicutt et al.，“Polar Research：Six Priorities for Antarctic Science，” Nature 512（2014）：23-25，doi：10.1038/512023a.
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[23] Christopher Wanjek，“Food at Work：Workplace Solutions for Malnutrition，Obesity and Chronic Diseases”（Geneva：ILO，2005），138-142.
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[24] German Aerospace Center（DLR），“Rich Harvest in the Antarctic EDEN ISS Greenhouse—Tomatoes and Cucumbers in the Polar Night，” June 25，2018，https：//www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-28538/.
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