打字猴:1.700037688e+09
1700037688 因此,无论是从心理学和工程学的角度,还是从我们在地球上掌握的现有知识来看,建立太空定居点将非常困难,但随着新技术的出现,又将具有可控性。但是从人类生物学角度呢?太空会杀死我们吗?在我们起飞之前,这个问题值得研究。
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1700037690 [1] 2006年,国际天文联合会正式定义行星概念,将冥王星排除出行星行列,重新划为矮行星。——译注
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1700037692 [2] Claude Lafleur,“Costs of US Piloted Programs,” Space Review ,March 8,2010,http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1579/1.
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1700037694 [3] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,Population Division,“World Population Prospects:The 2017 Revision,Key Findings and Advance Tables,” 2017,https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf.
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1700037696 [4] Patrick Gerland et al.,“World Population Stabilization Unlikely This Century,” Science ,346(2014):234-237,doi:10.1126/science.1257469.
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1700037698 [5] Dana Gunders,“Wasted:How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Fork to Landfill,” NRDC Issue Paper,August 2012,https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/wasted-food-IP.pdf;Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,“Americans Continue to Use More Renewable Energy Sources,” press release,July 18,2013,https://www.llnl.gov/news/americans-continue-use-more-renewable-energy-sources.
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1700037700 [6] Peter A.Curreri and Michael K.Detweiler,“A Contemporary Analysis of the O’Neill-Glaser Model for Space-Based Solar Power and Habitat Construction,” NASA Technical Reports Server,2011,doi:10.1061/41096(366)117.
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1700037702 [7] Barbara Tuchman,A Distant Mirror:The Calamitous 14th Century (New York:Alfred A.Knopf,1978).
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1700037704 [8] 布莱恩·图恩创造了“核冬天”这个术语。他向我解释说,7.5亿这个数字是一个估值,指有多少人可依靠原始农业方式维持生活。
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1700037706 [9] 目前地球上约有1万枚核弹头,大大少于20世纪70年代的约7万枚,这显然是一个积极的趋势。
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1700037708 [10] Karen Meech et al.,“A Brief Visit from a Red and Extremely Elongated Interstellar Asteroid,” Nature 552(2017):378-381,doi:10.1038/nature25020.
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1700037710 [11] Philip Plait,private communication,April 8,2018.
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1700037712 [12] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,“The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World”(FAO,2017),http://www.fao.Org/3/a-I7695e.pdf.
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1700037714 [13] Patrick T.Brown and Ken Caldeira,“Greater Future Global Warming Inferred from Earth’s Recent Energy Budget,” Nature 552(2017):45-50,doi:10.1038/nature24672.
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1700037716 [14] World Bank Group,“Turn Down the Heat:Confronting the New Climate Normal”(World Bank,2014),http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/317301468242098870/Main-report.
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1700037718 [15] Brian Thomas et al.,“Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Earth:Exploration of Atmospheric,Biological,Climatic and Biogeochemical Effects,” Astrophysical Journal 634(2005):509-533,doi:10.1086/496914.
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1700037720 [16] Adrian L.Melott and Brian C.Thomas,“Late Ordovician Geographic Patterns of Extinction Compared with Simulations of Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Damage,” Paleobiology 35(2009):311-320,arⅩⅳ:0809.0899.
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1700037722 [17] Julia Zorthian,“Stephen Hawking Says Humans Have 100 Years to Move to Another Planet,” Time ,May 4,2017,http://time.com/4767595/enums;Justin Worland,“Stephen Hawking Gives Humans a Deadline for Finding a New Planet,” Time ,November 17,2016,http://time.com/4575054/stephen-hawking-humans-new-planet.
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1700037724 [18] Peter Gillman and Leni Gillman,The Wildest Dream:The Biography of George Mallory (Seattle:Mountaineers Books,2001),222.
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1700037726 [19] Colin Summerhayes and Peter Beeching,“Hitler’s Antarctic Base:The Myth and the Reality,” Polar Record 43(2007):1-21,doi:10.1017/S003224740600578X.
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1700037728 [20] United States Department of State,“The Antarctic Treaty,” https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/81421.pdf.
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1700037730 [21] United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs,“Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,” http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/gares/ARES_21_2222E.pdf.
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1700037732 [22] Mahlon C.Kennicutt et al.,“Polar Research:Six Priorities for Antarctic Science,” Nature 512(2014):23-25,doi:10.1038/512023a.
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1700037734 [23] Christopher Wanjek,“Food at Work:Workplace Solutions for Malnutrition,Obesity and Chronic Diseases”(Geneva:ILO,2005),138-142.
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1700037736 [24] German Aerospace Center(DLR),“Rich Harvest in the Antarctic EDEN ISS Greenhouse—Tomatoes and Cucumbers in the Polar Night,” June 25,2018,https://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-28538/.
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