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[9] 目前地球上约有1万枚核弹头，大大少于20世纪70年代的约7万枚，这显然是一个积极的趋势。
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[10] Karen Meech et al.，“A Brief Visit from a Red and Extremely Elongated Interstellar Asteroid，” Nature 552（2017）：378-381，doi：10.1038/nature25020.
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[11] Philip Plait，private communication，April 8，2018.
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[12] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations，“The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World”（FAO，2017），http：//www.fao.Org/3/a-I7695e.pdf.
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[13] Patrick T.Brown and Ken Caldeira，“Greater Future Global Warming Inferred from Earth’s Recent Energy Budget，” Nature 552（2017）：45-50，doi：10.1038/nature24672.
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[14] World Bank Group，“Turn Down the Heat：Confronting the New Climate Normal”（World Bank，2014），http：//documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/317301468242098870/Main-report.
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1700037718
[15] Brian Thomas et al.，“Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Earth：Exploration of Atmospheric，Biological，Climatic and Biogeochemical Effects，” Astrophysical Journal 634（2005）：509-533，doi：10.1086/496914.
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[16] Adrian L.Melott and Brian C.Thomas，“Late Ordovician Geographic Patterns of Extinction Compared with Simulations of Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Damage，” Paleobiology 35（2009）：311-320，arⅩⅳ：0809.0899.
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[17] Julia Zorthian，“Stephen Hawking Says Humans Have 100 Years to Move to Another Planet，” Time ，May 4，2017，http：//time.com/4767595/enums；Justin Worland，“Stephen Hawking Gives Humans a Deadline for Finding a New Planet，” Time ，November 17，2016，http：//time.com/4575054/stephen-hawking-humans-new-planet.
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[18] Peter Gillman and Leni Gillman，The Wildest Dream：The Biography of George Mallory （Seattle：Mountaineers Books，2001），222.
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[19] Colin Summerhayes and Peter Beeching，“Hitler’s Antarctic Base：The Myth and the Reality，” Polar Record 43（2007）：1-21，doi：10.1017/S003224740600578X.
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[20] United States Department of State，“The Antarctic Treaty，” https：//www.state.gov/documents/organization/81421.pdf.
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[21] United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs，“Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space，including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies，” http：//www.unoosa.org/pdf/gares/ARES_21_2222E.pdf.
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[22] Mahlon C.Kennicutt et al.，“Polar Research：Six Priorities for Antarctic Science，” Nature 512（2014）：23-25，doi：10.1038/512023a.
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[23] Christopher Wanjek，“Food at Work：Workplace Solutions for Malnutrition，Obesity and Chronic Diseases”（Geneva：ILO，2005），138-142.
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[24] German Aerospace Center（DLR），“Rich Harvest in the Antarctic EDEN ISS Greenhouse—Tomatoes and Cucumbers in the Polar Night，” June 25，2018，https：//www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-28538/.
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[25] Martin Gorst（Director），Big，Bigger，Biggest：Submarine ，Documentary，Windfall Films（National Geographic International，2009）.
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[26] Gorst，Big，Bigger，Biggest.
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[27] Thomas Limero et al.，“Preparation of the NASA Air Quality Monitor for a U.S.Navy Submarine Sea Trial，” Conference Paper，Submarine Air Monitoring and Air Purification Symposium，Uncasville，Connecticut，November 13-16，2017.
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[28] Zoltan Barany，Democratic Breakdown and the Decline of the Russian Military （Princeton，NJ：Princeton University Press，2007），33-34.
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[29] Ned Quinn，“NASA and U.S.Submarine Force：Benchmarking Safety，” Undersea Warfare：The Official Magazine of the U.S.Submarine Force 7（fall 2005）.
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[30] Katie Shobe et al.，“Psychological，Physiological，and Medical Impact of the Submarine Environment on Submariners with Application to Virginia Class Submarines，” Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory Technical Report #TR-1229（2003），https：//www.researchgate.net/publication/256687350.
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[31] “How to Survive the Long Trip to Mars？Ask a Submariner，” Associated Press via Washington Post ，October 5，2015，https：//www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/how-to-survive-the-long-trip-to-mars-ask-a-submariner/2015/10/05/9d05bf82-6b82-11e5-9bfe-e59f5e244f92_story.html.
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[32] Peter Rejcek，“Passing of a Legend：Death of Capt.Pieter J.Lenie at Age 91 Marks the End of an Era in Antarctica，” Antarctic Sun ，April 20，2015，https：//antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contenthandler.cfm？id=4150.
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[33] Vadim Gushin et al.，“Content Analysis of the Crew Communication with External Communicants under Prolonged Isolation，” Aviation，Space，and Environmental Medicine 12（1997）：1093-1098.
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