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21世纪30年代,小行星采矿将完全自动化;21世纪40年代,机器人将探测谷神星和灶神星;21世纪60年代,人类将踏上谷神星;21世纪末,谷神星上将出现人类的小规模、半永久性存在;小行星定居点将在23世纪出现。
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[1] 又译为阿波菲斯,编号“99942”。——译注
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[2] 矮行星(dwarf planet),又称侏儒行星,体积介于行星和小行星之间,围绕恒星运转,有足够的质量使其自身重力克服刚体的作用力,使其呈流体静力平衡(近似圆形)的形状,没有清空所在轨道上的其他天体,同时不是卫星。——译注
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[3] Stephen P.Maran,Astronomy for Dummies ,4th ed.(Hoboken,NJ:John Wiley & Sons,2017).
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[4] Brid-Aine Parnell,“NASA Will Reach Unique Metal Asteroid Worth $10,000 Quadrillion Four Years Early,” Forbes ,May 26,2017,https://www.forbes.com/sites/bridaineparnell/2017/05/26/nasa-psyche-mission-fast-tracked.
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[5] 小行星也可以按轨道类型分类:阿莫尔型(Amors)——从未抵达地球轨道;阿波罗型(Apollos)——与地球轨道交会的周期大于1年;阿托恩型(Atens)——与地球轨道交会的周期小于1年。
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[6] Giovanni Bignami and Andrea Sommariva,The Future of Human Space Exploration (London:Palgrave Macmillan,2016).
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[7] Lonsdaleite,又因其晶体结构及特性被称作六方金刚石、六方碳。——译注
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[8] Kenneth Chang,“The Osiris-Rex Spacecraft Begins Chasing an Asteroid,” New York Times ,September 9,2016,A12.
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[9] “NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission,” NASAfacts,FS-206-4-411-GSFC,NASA,May 2016,https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/osiris_rex_factsheet5-25.pdf.
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[10] Detlef Koschny,ESA,private communication,June 30,2018.
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[11] “隼鸟2号”已于2020年12月6日成功返回地球。——译注
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[12] Axel Hagermann,Hayabusa 2 team member,private communication,June 29,2018.
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[13] Jeff Foust,“Asteroid Mining Company Planetary Resources Acquired by Blockchain Firm,” SpaceNews ,October 31,2018,https://spacenews.com/asteroid-mining-company-planetary-resources-acquired-by-blockchain-firm.
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[14] Martin Elvis,“How Many Ore-Bearing Asteroids?” Planetary and Space Science 91(2014):20-26,doi:10.1016/j.pss.2013.11.008.
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[15] Martin Elvis,private communication,June 28,2018.
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[16] Kenneth Chang,“If No One Owns the Moon,Can Anyone MakeMoney Up There?” New York Times ,November 18,2017,D1.
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[17] Jeff Foust,“Luxembourg Adopts Space Resources Law,” Space News ,July 17,2017,http://spacenews.com/luxembourg-adopts-space-resources-law.
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[18] Andrew Zaleski,“Luxembourg Leads the Trillion-Dollar Race to Become the Silicon Valley of Asteroid Mining,” CNBC,April 16,2018,https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/16/luxembourg-vies-to-become-the-silicon-valley-of-asteroid-mining.html.
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[19] Thomas Prettyman et al.,“Extensive Water Ice within Ceres’Aqueously Altered Regolith:Evidence from Nuclear Spectroscopy,” Science 355(2017):55-59,doi:10.1126/science.aah6765;Maria Cristina De Sanctis et al.,“Localized Aliphatic Organic Material on the Surface of Ceres,” Science 355(2017):719-722,doi:10.1126/science.aaj2305.
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[20] Werner Grandl,“Human Life in the Solar System,” REACH—Reviews in Human Space Exploration 5(2017):9-21,doi:10.1016/j.reach.2017.03.001.
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[21] Werner Grandl,private communication,July 4,2018.
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[22] Peter A.Curreri and Michael K.Detweiler,“A Contemporary Analysis of the O’Neill—Glaser Model for Space-based Solar Power and Habitat Construction,” NSS Space Settlement Journal ,December 2011.
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