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[10] 储存气体是一个更复杂的问题,需要很重的储箱,这意味着航天器的质量会更大,除非它们能在火星上用当地材料制造出来。
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[11] Laurie Chen,“China’s Mars Base Plan Revealed… and Covering 95,000 sq km,There’s Certainly Plenty of Space,” South China Morning Post ,September 7,2017,https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2110051/there-price-mars-chinas-red-planet-simulator-set-cost-us61.
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[12] Thor Hogan,“Lessons Learned from the Space Exploration Initiative,” NASA History Division,News & Notes 24,no.4(November 2007).
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[13] Thor Hogan,Mars Wars:The Rise and Fall of the Space Exploration Initiative (Washington,DC:NASA History Series SP-2007-4410,2007),2.
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[14] 祖布林调整了这一计划,因为最近在火星上发现了大量的水,所以不必向火星运送氢气了。取而代之的是,我们从水中提取氢,而水可能就在脚下。
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[15] Robert Zubrin,email correspondence,August 20,2018.
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[16] 一项健康测试可能是让一名宇航员在太空生活6个月后再登上月球,看看他或她在0.16G下的表现如何,但我还没有听到任何关于这种可能性的讨论。
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[17] Dai Shiba et al.,“Development of New Experimental Platform ‘MARS’—Multiple Artificial-Gravity Research System—To Elucidate the Impacts of Micro/Partial Gravity on Mice,” Scientific Reports 7(2017),doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10998-4.
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[18] Michael J.Carlowicz and Ramon E.Lopez,Storms from the Sun (Washington,DC:Joseph Henry Press,2002),144.
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[19] Carlowicz and Lopez,Storms ,144.
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[20] T.Troy McConaghy et al.,“Analysis of a Class of Earth-Mars Cycler Trajectories,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 41(2004):622-628,doi:10.2514/1.11939.
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[21] 一辆跑车在2.74秒内从0加速到60英里/小时,将产生1G的加速力。
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[22] George Schmidt et al.,“Nuclear Pulse Propulsion:Orion and Beyond,” 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit,July 16-19,2000,Huntsville,Alabama,https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000096503.
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[23] Jeff Foust,“Review:Mars One:Humanity’s Next Great Adventure,” Space Review ,March 14,2016,htp://www.thespacereview.com/article/2940/1.
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[24] 电影《马戏之王》的原型,以擅长营销,夸大宣传著称。——译注
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[25] NASA火星路线图“人类探索火星设计参考体系结构5.0”(Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0)于2009年首次发布,长达100页。其后续报告于2014年出版,长达500页。
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[26] Bret G.Drake and Kevin D.Watts,eds.,“Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0,Addendum #2,” NASA/SP-2009-566-ADD2,NASA Headquarters,March 2014,https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/NASA-SP-2009-566-ADD2.pdf.
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[27] 我待会儿再谈土豆。
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[28] Donald M.Hassler et al.,“Mars’Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover,” Science 343(2014),doi:10.1126/science,1244797.
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[29] 气压单位,简称为mb,1毫巴等于100帕。——译注
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[30] 如果空气中只有15%~20%的氧气,你几乎无法在350毫巴的气压下呼吸,就像在地球上一样,但是100%的氧气可以确保呼吸舒适。
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[31] 这些缩略词太生动了。如果想到处走走的话,你愿意穿EMU还是SAS?SAS看起来真飒,EMU看起来像笨鸟。
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[32] Robert W.Moses and Dennis M.Bushnell,“Frontier In-Situ Resource Utilization for Enabling Sustained Human Presence on Mars,” NASA/TM-2016-219182,April 2016,https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160005963.
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[33] 现在你可以明白了。那个众所周知的杯子既不是半空,也不是半满,而是全满,因为另一半是空气。
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[34] Tobias Owen et al.,“The Composition of the Atmosphere at the Surface of Mars,” Journal of Geophysical Research 82(1977):4635-4639,doi:10.1029/JS082i028p04635.
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