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6.1204“collecta multitudine militum vel etiam civium, qui propter continuas bellorum exercitationes gladiis et sagittis et lanceis non parum praevalent”（“after a crowd of knights and even inhabitants had been assembled, who, on account of their continuous military exercises with swords, arrows, and lances, were sufficiently capable …”）.
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7.Arnold，2：241.
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8.Ennen and Eckertz, Sources for the History of the City of Cologne（Quellen zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln），Vol.II, No.449，p.165，and Vol.IV, No.488，p.560. See also 3：232.Arnold, Constitutional History of the German Free Cities（Verfassungsgeschichte der deutschen Freistädte），1：443.
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9.Arnold，2：243.
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10.“Not many of the gentlemen joined me, since they were anxious to be able to return home again on the same day and could not remain out overnight.”Königshofen, Chronik deutscher Städte（Chronicle of German Cities），9.845. Vischer, Studies in German History（Forschungen der deutschen Geschichte）2：77. Köhler，3：2：381.
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11.Master Godefrit Hagen, city clerk for the period, Rhymed Chronicle of the City of Cologne from the Thirteenth Century（Reimchronik der Stadt Köln aus dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert）. With notes and glossary in accordance with the only ancient manuscript. Edited completely for the first time by E.von Groote, city councilor, Cologne on the Rhine. Published and printed by M. Du Mont-Schauberg.1834.
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12.This document is printed in the Fontes rerum Germanicarum（Sources of German History），by Böhmer, Vol.III, and recently edited by Jaffé in the SS.，17.105. See also Wiegand, Bellum Walterianum（Studies in Alsatian History[Studien zur Elsässischen Geschichte]，I），Strasbourg，1878. Roth von Schreckenstein, Herr Walter von Geroldseck, Tübingen，1857.
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13.Roth, p.40，assumes that the bishop had distributed his men throughout the region up to about Schlettstadt, Rheinau, Zabern, and Hagenau. Some of these points are more than 18 miles distant from the assembly point at Molsheim.
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According to Richer, the bishop’s troops had not initially assembled but were concentrated at Dachenstein.
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14.From Closener’s translation. The Latin text reads: “Bene veniatis, dilectissime domine Zorn; nunquam in tantum desiderabam vos videre.”
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7 条顿骑士团征服普鲁士
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1.The best comprehensive account is that of Karl Lohmeyer, Geschichte von Ost-und Westpreussen，1st Section，2d ed.，1881. The work of A.L. Ewald, The Conquest of Prussia by the Germans（Die Eroberung Preussens durch die Deutschen），four volumes，1882-1886，is based on a variety of sources. The second great rebellion by the Prussians is treated thoroughly and well by Köhler in the second volume of his Development of Military Organization and Conduct of War in the Knightly Period（Entwickelung des Kriegswesens und der Kriegführung in der Ritterzeit）.
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2.Whether the remark, from Dusburg or the chronicle of Oliva, that the order numbered 600 lay members in 1239 is reliable cannot be determined.
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8 英格兰箭术与爱德华一世征服威尔士和苏格兰
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1.Slingers, fundibularii, are mentioned in Continuatio Reginonis（Continuation of Regino）for the year 962. Casus Sancti Galli Continuatio（Continuation of the Chronicle of St. Gall），158.
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2.See Jähns, History of the Development of Ancient Offensive Weapons（Entwickelungsgeschichte der alten Trutzwaffen），p.333 ff.
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3.In Jaffé，Regesta pontificum Romanorum（Register of the Roman Popes），p.585，the decision（No.29）reads as follows: “artem ballistariorum et sagittariorum adversus Christianos et catholicos exerceri sub anathemate prohibent.”（“They prohibited, on pain of damnation, the skill of crossbowmen and archers to be exercised against Christians and Catholics.”）On the basis of this Regesta, we find it stated quite often（for example, in Demmin, Military Weapons [Kriegswaffen]，2d ed.，p.100，and also Waitz，8：190）that the council had forbidden the use of the crossbow among Christians as too deadly a weapon. Since the sagittarii（archers）are mentioned in a line with the ballistarii（crossbowmen），that cannot possibly have been the intent of the council. In Mansi, Tome 21，p.534，the decision reads as follows: “Artem autem illam mortiferam et Deo odibilem ballistariorum et sagittariorum adversus Christianos et catholicos exerceri de caetero sub anathemate prohibemus.”（“We prohibit, however, on pain of damnation, that deadly skill of crossbowmen and archers, odious to God, to be practiced by another against Christians and Catholics.”）Hefele, Concil. Geschichte, Vol.V，2d ed.，p.442，interprets this as referring to a kind of tournament of competitive shooting at persons. San Marte, p.188，claims that it refers to poisoned arrows and bolts. I prefer Hefele’s interpretation.
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4.Guillemus Brito, Gesta Philippi regis（William the Briton, Deeds of Philip the King），Book II：
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Francigenis nostris illis ignota diebus
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Res erat omnino, quid Balestarius arcus
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Quid Balista foret.
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（In those days, what a Balestarius bow was
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And what a Balista was
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Were completely unknown to our Frenchmen.）
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Has volo, non alia Ricardum morte perire
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