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6.Kling estimates the Turkish strength between 16，000 and 20，000 men. That would then be more than twice the strength of the Christians. Based on the numbers given by Schurtz, discussed in Note 4，above, he assumes a strength of only 3，000 men for the janissaries but believes that dismounted irregulars were also present, for whom the janissaries had formed the nucleus. I would prefer to eliminate completely these “dismounted irregulars”—Beyazid would hardly have brought along any troops other than quality warriors—but I would assume a greater strength for the janissaries.
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7.Characteristic of the loose manner in which chroniclers treated army strengths is the fact that Königshofen gave the strength of the Christian army as 100，000 men but stated its losses as 200，000.
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5 胡斯派
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1.Handbuch, p.943.
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2.Geschichte Böhmens（History of Bohemia），3：2：67.
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3.“The Hussite Wagon Fort”（“Die hussitische Wagenburg”）by Max von Wulf, Berlin dissertation，1889.“Hussite Military System”（“Hussitisches Kriegswesen”），by Max von Wulf, Preussische Jahrbücher，69：673. May 1892.
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4.Preussische Jahrbücher，69：674. Dissertation, p.21.
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5.See Vol.I, pp.162，211，218，241.
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6.Jähns, Kriegswissenschaften, p.943.
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7.Loserth, p.489.
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8.Palacky, Geschichte Böhmens，3：2：361.
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9.That the Hussites had already won a great victory over the Germans on 14 June 1420 at the Witkoberg（Ziska Mountain），east of Prague, is but a fable. See Bezold, King Sigismund and the Wars of the Empire against the Hussites（König Sigmund und die Reichskriege gegen die Hussiten），1：41 ff. Loserth, History of the Later Middle Ages（Geschichte des späteren Mittelalters），p.490. This battle may very well be compared with the engagement at Valmy in 1792. They only repulsed an attack by the enemy. But that very success was sufficient and aroused belief in the future. Likewise the victory at Wischerad on 1 November 1420 does not yet show anything of the special Hussite combat methods. Since the German princes had returned home, Sigismund had only his own forces at hand, consisting principally of Moravians. He planned to relieve Wischerad, near Prague, and was definitely counting on a sortie by the garrison. But since the garrison had already agreed to an armistice, it could not act. We may therefore assume that the army of Prague, with its reinforcements from lords and other cities, had a large numerical superiority. Only a small mounted contingent of the Taborites was present.
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10.The Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen，31（1893）: 297，contains the description of the illustration of a Hussite battlewagon in a Munich manuscript by A. Wiedemann. Despite the very definite caption “This is the Hussite wagon fort on which the Hussites fight. It is good and straight，” the illustration does not seem to me to be very reliable.
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The regulation that the wagons were to move in four columns and the two outer columns were somewhat longer than the inner ones, in order to form the forward and rear sides of the camp with the additional wagons, is, after all, only theory, or it refers only to the last formation before the deployment. Entire marches in the prescribed four columns could be carried out in only a very few places on this earth. See Wulf, pp.27，29.he two inner columns formed a small rectangle in the interior, with entry passages.
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According to Wulf’s dissertation, p. 43，in Hungary in 1423 Ziska made a bastion in front of the forward and rear gates of his wagon fort, surrounded them with a trench, and placed muskets in them.
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11.Historia Bohemorum, Chap.40，as cited in Wulf, Dissertation, p.16.
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12.Wulf, Dissertation, p.43；according to Köhler，3：1：303 ff.
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13.As an example of how far an oral legend that is correct in itself can lead astray an author who no longer understands it, let us observe what Ludwig von Eyb has to say about the formation on a ridge. Eyb was a Brandenburg captain and wrote his Kriegsbuch around 1500. In the chapter on the wagon forts, he, too, points out the requirement that they were to deploy on a ridge, but as the reason for this he says that it was to prevent the possibility of their being placed under water.
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14.Wulf, Dissertation, p.53.
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15.Wulf, Preussische Jahrbücher, p.680.
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16.A tabulation by von Wulf of the army strengths shown in the sources is to be found in the Mitteilungen des Vereins für die Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen，31：92. Prague，1893.
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17.We owe this knowledge to an excellent treatment by Ernst Kroker，“Saxony and the Hussite Wars”（“Sachsen und die Hussitenkriege”），in the Neues Archiv für sächsische Geschichte，21（1900）：1. The following citations are also taken from this article and the book by Fr.von Bezold, König Sigmund und die Reichskriege gegen die Hussiten（1872-1877）.
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18.Acts of the German Imperial Diet（Deutsche Reichstagsakten），VIII, No.93.
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19.Palacky, Geschichte von Böhmen，3：2：250.
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20.Deutsche Reichstagsakten, VIII, No.94.
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