1700096594 8　英格兰箭术与爱德华一世征服威尔士和苏格兰

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1700096596 1.Slingers, fundibularii, are mentioned in Continuatio Reginonis（Continuation of Regino）for the year 962. Casus Sancti Galli Continuatio（Continuation of the Chronicle of St. Gall），158.

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1700096598 2.See Jähns, History of the Development of Ancient Offensive Weapons（Entwickelungsgeschichte der alten Trutzwaffen），p.333 ff.

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1700096600 3.In Jaffé，Regesta pontificum Romanorum（Register of the Roman Popes），p.585，the decision（No.29）reads as follows: “artem ballistariorum et sagittariorum adversus Christianos et catholicos exerceri sub anathemate prohibent.”（“They prohibited, on pain of damnation, the skill of crossbowmen and archers to be exercised against Christians and Catholics.”）On the basis of this Regesta, we find it stated quite often（for example, in Demmin, Military Weapons [Kriegswaffen]，2d ed.，p.100，and also Waitz，8：190）that the council had forbidden the use of the crossbow among Christians as too deadly a weapon. Since the sagittarii（archers）are mentioned in a line with the ballistarii（crossbowmen），that cannot possibly have been the intent of the council. In Mansi, Tome 21，p.534，the decision reads as follows: “Artem autem illam mortiferam et Deo odibilem ballistariorum et sagittariorum adversus Christianos et catholicos exerceri de caetero sub anathemate prohibemus.”（“We prohibit, however, on pain of damnation, that deadly skill of crossbowmen and archers, odious to God, to be practiced by another against Christians and Catholics.”）Hefele, Concil. Geschichte, Vol.V，2d ed.，p.442，interprets this as referring to a kind of tournament of competitive shooting at persons. San Marte, p.188，claims that it refers to poisoned arrows and bolts. I prefer Hefele’s interpretation.

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1700096602 4.Guillemus Brito, Gesta Philippi regis（William the Briton, Deeds of Philip the King），Book II：

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1700096604 Francigenis nostris illis ignota diebus

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1700096606 Res erat omnino, quid Balestarius arcus

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1700096608 Quid Balista foret.

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1700096610 （In those days, what a Balestarius bow was

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1700096612 And what a Balista was

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1700096614 Were completely unknown to our Frenchmen.）

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1700096616 Has volo, non alia Ricardum morte perire

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1700096618 Ut qui Francigenis ballistae primitus usum

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1700096620 Tradidit, ipse suam rem primitus experiatur

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1700096622 Quamque alios docuit im se vim sentiat artis.

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1700096624 （I wish that Richard, who first related

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1700096626 The use of the crossbow to Frenchmen，

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1700096628 Die by no other death，

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1700096630 And he should feel the force against himself

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1700096632 Which he taught to others.）

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1700096634 5.Köchly and Rüstow, Greek Military Authors（Griechische Kriegsschriftsteller），2：2：37，201.（See Vol.II, p.346.）

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1700096636 6.The Welsh Wars of Edward I, A Contribution to Medieval Military History based on Original Documents, by John E. Morris, M.A.，formerly of Magdalen College, Oxford. With a map.Oxford at the Clarendon Press，1901.

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1700096638 7.Morris, p.34.

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1700096640 8.Morris, p.18.

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1700096642 9.Oman, p.558.

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