1700096682
3.Aelredi Abbatis Rievallensis（Aelred, abbot of Rievaulx），Historia de bello Standardii（History of the Battle of the Standard），p.338.“strenuissimi milites in prima fronte locati lancearios et sagittarios ita sibi inseruerunt ut, militaribus armis protecti … Scutis scuta junguntur”（“The most vigorous knights placed on the front line, so inserted spearmen and archers that, protected by the arms of the knights … shields were joined to shields”）.
1700096683
1700096684
4.According to Drummond.
1700096685
1700096686
5.Radulf, Gesta Tancredi（Deeds of Tancred），Chap.22.
1700096687
1700096688
6.“Ut pedites castra servarent et milites hostibus obviam extra castra pergerent”（“so that the foot soldiers might guard the camp and the knights might proceed against the enemy outside the camp”）. Raimund. According to the Gesta，“pars peditum”（“part of the foot soldiers”）.
1700096689
1700096690
7.“Procedebamus ita spaciosi, sicut in processionibus clerici pergere solent et re vera nobis processio erat.”（“We were advancing in so loose a formation, just as clerics are accustomed to go in processions, and in fact we had a procession.”）
1700096691
1700096692
8.Letter from the princes to the pope.
1700096693
1700096694
9.Heermann, p.52，Note 2.
1700096695
1700096696
10.Furthermore, the character of this letter as an official document is not absolutely certain. Hagenmeier, Studies in German History（Forschung zur deutschen Geschichte），13：400，believed he could show that Raimund himself was the author of the letter. The difference in the figures for the army strengths would not stand in the way of this interpretation. These numbers are only very vague estimates, which the same man can have stated very differently at various times, after speaking with various people.
1700096697
1700096698
11.According to the ltinerarium Regis Ricardi（Itinerary of King Richard），VI, paras.21-24. Edited by Stubbs in the Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi Scriptores（Writers of British History of the Middle Ages），p.415. Oman, History of War, p.316.
1700096699
1700096700
12.Of course, we could base a conclusion on the worthlessness of the foot troops on the express testimony of Raimund of Agiles, who says that, when the knights moved out before Antioch for the battle by the lake（9 February 1098），the foot troops were left behind in front of the beleaguered city.“Dicebant enim, quod multi de exercitu nostro imbelles et pavidi, si viderent Turcorum multitudinem, timoris potius quam audaciae exempla monstrarent.”（“They said in fact that many of our army, cowardly and afraid if they saw a crowd of Turks, presented examples of fear rather than boldness.”）But these kinds of statements are not objective evidence. Furthermore, some of the foot troops did move out with the knights（according to the Gesta），and that same day the rest of them successfully repulsed a sortie of the besieged forces.
1700096701
1700096702
13.Köhler, p.156. Oman, p.477.
1700096703
1700096704
14.Morris, p.256. Oman, p.561.
1700096705
1700096706
15.Köhler，2：206-207. On the basis of the Regensburg Annals, M.G. SS.，17.418.
1700096707
1700096708
16.Köhler，2：210.
1700096709
1700096710
第四篇 中世纪晚期
1700096711
1700096712
1 中世纪晚期的研究路径 无
1700096713
1700096714
2 方阵会战、城市军队与征召民兵
1700096715
1700096716
1.Spiegel historiaal, IV, Chap.33：
1700096717
1700096718
Then he（Artois）wanted to surrender to them
1700096719
1700096720
And so he said: …
1700096721
1700096722
The Flemish shouted: We do not know you.
1700096723
1700096724
The count called out in French:
1700096725
1700096726
I am the count of Artois.
1700096727
1700096728
They（the Flemish）said: Here is no nobleman
1700096729
1700096730
Who can understand you.
1700096731
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.700096682e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]