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本书就此作结。之后的事情——包括普鲁士的迅猛崛起和最终的崩溃——就留待后人了。
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战争艺术史 注释
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第一篇 文艺复兴时期的军事状况
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1 欧洲现代步兵的建立
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1.The standard monograph is “The Battle of Guinegate”（“Die Schlacht bei Guinegate”）by Ernst Richert. Berlin dissertation，1907.
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2.Dadizeele, Mémoires, ed. Kerwyn de Lettenhove, p.19. According to Comines, there were 200 noblemen.
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3.All the earlier works and studies on the lansquenets have been superseded by the book by Martin Nell, The Lansquenets, Origin of the First German Infantry（Die Landsknechte, Entstehung der ersten deutschen Infanterie），Berlin，1914. This work is exemplary in its penetrating study and perspicacious critique. The first part was published as a Berlin dissertation. The author, who was justified in having the finest hopes for the future and looked on life with youthful trust, fell on the field of honor in France in 1914.
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Erben, Historische Zeitschrift，116：48，had a few reservations concerning Nell’s conclusions, which we can agree with, but they do not eliminate anything of importance.
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4.In the first seven documents in which the name appears, Nell found that it was written twice as “Lanzknechte，” twice in the Swiss minutes in 1486 as “landtsknechte，” and three times as “lantknechte.”
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5.Lilienkron，2：362，20.
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6.Hobohm treats this more thoroughly in Machiavellis Renaissance der Kriegskunst，2：394，with the references at 2：405. I cannot agree with Nell’s interpretation.
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7.Hobohm，2：426 ff.，basing his opinion on Jovius, has expressed the belief that the Swiss spear was initially only 10 feet long and was gradually lengthened to 17 or 18 feet as the squares of spearmen fought against one another. Nell, p.158，observed that the lengthening of the spear must therefore have started in 1483. Presumably the spears never had a “normal” length but had always been of greatly varying lengths.
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8.“Studies on the Long Spear”（“Studien über den Langen Spiess”），Zeitschrift für historische Waffenkunde，4（1908）：301.
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9.Böheim, in the Zeitschrift für historische Waffenkunde，1：62.
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10.The work appeared in Venice as early as 1496. I am using the version reprinted in Eccard, Corpus Historicum, II，1612. I do not wish to present the above translation as completely confirmed. The expressions used by the author are not absolutely clear, even though he was an eyewitness. An Italian translation（Venice，1549）does not shed any more light on the matter. Jähns，1：727，has interpreted this not as a wheeling movement but a caracole. Because of these uncertainties, I quote the original text here：
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Ab his phalanx una peditum Germanorum erat, quae omnium oculos in se convertebat, quadratae figurae, quae VI M.peditum continebat, Georgio Petroplanensi Duce integerrimo, in equo eminente. In ea acie tympanorum multitudo audiebatur germanico more, quibus aures rumpebantur; hi pectore tan-tum armato incedebant per ordines primo a posteriore parvo intervallo. Primi longiores lanceas in humeris ferebant, infesto mucrone sequentes lanceas erectiores portabant post hos bipennibus et securibus armati; ab his signiferi erant, ad quorum inclinationem agmen totum ac si una rate veherentur, in dextrum, laevum, retro regrediuntur; a tergo pilularii dicti parvorum tormentorum; hos a laeva et sinistra scorpionum Magistri sive manubalistarii sequuntur. Hi in conspectu Beatricis Ducis quadratum agmen uno signo in cuneum subito commutavere, paulo post in alas sese divisere: demum in rotundum altera tantum parte levi motu, altera cursim movebant, prima parte circumacta, postrema immota, ita ut unum corpus esse videretur.
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11.Jahrbücher für Schweizer Geschichte，6：263. Basin: “Surrogavit enim in eorum locum alios pedites, quos appellabant halbardurios, qui similibus armis induti ut franci sagittarii, loco arcuum contos longos ferratos, quos Flamingi piken appellant, aut latas quasdam secures, secundum Alemannorum peditum ritum, deferebant”（“For he put other infantry in their place, whom they call halberdiers. These, similarly equipped to French archers, carried instead of bows long iron-tipped poles, which the Flemish call pikes, or broad axes following the custom of German infantry.”）
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12.Hobohm，2：329，345.
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13.According to Spont, Revue des Questions Historiques，1899，p.60.
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14.According to Susane, Histoire de l’infanterie française，1：14.
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15.Proof based on the sources is to be found in Willibald Block，“The Condottieri: Studies on the so-called‘Unbloody Battles’”（“Die Condottieri. Studien über die sogenannten‘unblutigen Schlachten’”），Berlin dissertation，1913.
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16.Hobohm，2：336.
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2 火器
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