1700139517
1700139518
[44]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.484.
1700139519
1700139520
[45]Markoe,the Phoenicians,pp.199-201,164.
1700139521
1700139522
[46]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.357,445,485-486.
1700139523
1700139524
[47]John Naish,Seamarks
:Their History and Development,London
:Stanford Maritime,1985,pp.15-24.
1700139525
1700139526
[48]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.488;Horden and Purcell,The Corrupting Sea,pp.115-122.
1700139527
1700139528
[49]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.492,496.
1700139529
1700139530
[50]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.505;Horden and Purcell,The Corrupting Sea,p.116.
1700139531
1700139532
[51]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.508-509.
1700139533
1700139534
[52]F.C.Lane,Profi ts from Power
:Readings in Protection Rent and Violence-Controlling Enterprises,Albany,NY
:State University of New York Press,1979,pp.3,10.
1700139535
1700139536
[53]几个世纪之后，罗马开发了提洛岛，以相同的方式控制罗得斯。
1700139537
1700139538
[54]Herman T.Wallinga,‘The Ancestry of the Trireme’,in J.Morison,The Age of the Galley
:Mediterranean Oared Vessels since Pre-Classical Times,London
:Conway Press,1995,pp.36-48.reproduced at p.43.浮雕图像展示了装有撞锤和没有撞锤的五十桨帆船。
1700139539
1700139540
[55]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.525-535.
1700139541
1700139542
[56]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.537.
1700139543
1700139544
[57]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.536-537.
1700139545
1700139546
[58]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.520-521.僭主是寡头，他们为了保住自己的政治权力而削弱其同侪的权力。苏菲特经常被称为“国王”，但这是一种不合宜的称呼。
1700139547
1700139548
[59]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.542-543.
1700139549
1700139550
[60]David Blackman,Boris Rankov,Shipsheds of the Ancient Mediterranean,London
:Cambridge University Press,2013;关于萨摩斯岛请见第210—213页。
1700139551
1700139552
[61]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.547.
1700139553
1700139554
[62]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.561.
1700139555
1700139556
[63]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.569.
1700139557
1700139558
[64]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.581.
1700139559
1700139560
[65]Cunliffe,Europe between Oceans,pp.317-318.
1700139561
1700139562
[66]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,pp.583-584.
1700139563
1700139564
[67]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.603,607.
1700139565
1700139566
[68]Broodbank,The Making of the Middle Sea,p.603.
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