1700141243
1700141244
[132]德·威特更喜欢温文尔雅、精于算计的查理，而不是查理那位信奉天主教的弟弟：Rowen,John de Witt,pp.678-691,732,781-782.
1700141245
1700141246
[133]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.711,730.
1700141247
1700141248
[134]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.744,748,752,813,819.
1700141249
1700141250
[135]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.688,759,770,778,815;P.Burke,The Fabrication of Louis XIV,New Haven,CT,and London,1992,p.76.康涅狄格州纽黑文市，以及伦敦：耶鲁大学出版社，1992年，第76页。
1700141251
1700141252
[136]Schama,Embarrassment of Riches,pp.28-31;关于这幅版画请见该书第280—283页。
1700141253
1700141254
[137]Bruijn,The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,pp.75-77.
1700141255
1700141256
[138]坦普尔极为敬重约翰·德·威特，对他的命运深感悲痛：Clark,ed.,Sir William Temple’s Observations Upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands,p.95.
1700141257
1700141258
[139]阿姆斯特丹人掘开堤坝，用海水阻挡了法军。——译者注
1700141259
1700141260
[140]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.839,847,859;Levillain,‘William III′s Military and Political Career’,p.327.
1700141261
1700141262
[141]Levillain,‘William III′s Military and Political Career’,p.333,336;Burke,The Fabrication of Louis XIV,p.109.
1700141263
1700141264
[142]Rowen,John de Witt,pp.852;Onnekink,‘The Ideological Context of the Dutch War’,pp.131144.
1700141265
1700141266
[143]Brandon,War,Capital,and the Dutch State,p.316.
1700141267
1700141268
[144]Israel,The Dutch Republic.pp.618-619,630,Brandon,War,Capital,and the Dutch State,pp.120-121.
1700141269
1700141270
[145]Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe.p.171.
1700141271
1700141272
[146]然而，由于受到吃水深度的限制，它们不能装备比24磅炮更重的武器，而英国和法国的船只则使用40至42磅的重型加农炮：J.Bender,Dutch Warships in the Age of Sail,1600–1714
:Design,Construction,Careers and Fates,Barnsley
:Seaforth Publishing,pp.273-311.
1700141273
1700141274
[147]Baxter,William III and the Defense of European Liberty 1650–1702,p.258.
1700141275
1700141276
[148]E.S.van Eyck van Heslinga,‘A Competitive Ally
:The Delicate Balance of Naval Alliance and Maritime Competition between Great Britain and the Dutch Republic 1674–1795’,in Raven and Rodger,eds.,Navies and Armies,pp.1-11 at P.10.
1700141277
1700141278
[149]Israel,The Dutch Republic.pp.985-986,972-975.
1700141279
1700141280
[150]Brandon,War,Capital,and the Dutch State.pp.84-85,124-129,133-138.
1700141281
1700141282
[151]Bruijn,The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,pp.85-88;Daalder,Van de Velde and Son
:Marine Painters,pp.130-149.
1700141283
1700141284
[152]Glete,War and the State in Early Modern Europe.p.171.
1700141285
1700141286
[153]J.Addison,The Present State of the War and the Necessity of an Augmentation,Londonm;Schama,Embarrassment of Riches,pp.286-287.
1700141287
1700141288
[154]Bruijn,The Dutch Navy of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,pp.93-111.
1700141289
1700141290
[155]Burke,Venice and Amsterdam,pp.129-135,138-139.
1700141291
1700141292
[156]Brandon,War,Capital,and the Dutch State,p.311.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.700141243e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]