打字猴:1.700141483e+09
1700141483
1700141484 [25]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,pp.100-101,202.
1700141485
1700141486 [26]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.xi i.
1700141487
1700141488 [27]C.Cipolla,‘The Economic Decline of Italy’,in C.Cipolla,ed.,The Economic Decline of Empires,London:Methuen,1970,pp.196-215,at p.215.
1700141489
1700141490 [28]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.x.
1700141491
1700141492 [29]Burke,The Fabrication of Louis XIV,pp.97-101,162;Baxter,William III and the Defense of European Liberty 1650–1702,p.212;Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,p.202.
1700141493
1700141494 [30]Burke,The Fabrication of Louis XIV,p.162.通过雅各布·布克哈特的评价我们可以充分理解这些手段的意义,他认为,撤销《南特敕令》是一种政治手段,目的是强行使国家统一。正如编辑戈特弗里德·迪茨(Gottfried Dietz)所观察到的那样,布克哈特认为路易统治下的法国是“第一个完美的现代国家的典范,它对几乎所有的文化分支都施加了最高的强制力”,他引用了布克哈特的论点,即路易的国家是一个“独立存在并只为自己存在的伪有机体”。J.Burckhardt,Refl ections on History.Indianapolis,IN:Liberty Classics,1979,pp.17,136.
1700141495
1700141496 [31]P.Russell,Prince Henry‘the Navigator’,New Haven,CT,and London:Yale University Press,2000.拉塞尔强调了亨利的生涯中那属于中世纪的、富于十字军骑士精神的一面,推翻了许多关于这位“航海家”的神话,包括那些关于他在萨格里什建立的航海学校的传说,见该书第6—7页。关于休达见该书第70页。
1700141497
1700141498 [32]Ng Chin-keong,Boundaries and Beyond:China’s Maritime Southeast in Late Imperial Times,Singapore:National University of Singapore Press,2016,P.18.
1700141499
1700141500 [33]R.Mathee,‘The Portuguese in the Persian Gulf:An Overview’,in J.R.Marcris and S.Kelly,eds.,Imperial Crossroads:The Great Powers and the Persian Gulf,Annapolis,MD:USNIP,2012,p.7.
1700141501
1700141502 [34]Kirk,Genoa and the Sea,pp.12,14,46.
1700141503
1700141504 [35]E.Sanceau,The Reign of the Fortunate King 1495–1521.NewYork:Archon Book,1969.
1700141505
1700141506 [36]P.Pereira,Torre de Belém,London:Scala,2005,pp.17-22,探讨了这座标志性建筑的目的和意义,它将绳索、绳结和导航仪器与鲜明的基督教符号结合在一起,修建在一个引人注目的位置,充当了里斯本的外围防御。
1700141507
1700141508 [37]J.V.Vivens,‘The Decline of Spain in the Seventeenth Century’,in C.Cipolla,ed.,The Economic Decline of Empires,London:Methuen,1970,pp.8 and 128.
1700141509
1700141510 [38]C.R.Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,1415–1825,Berkeley,CA:University of California Press,1969,p.89.
1700141511
1700141512 [39]Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,p.10.
1700141513
1700141514 [40]L.Th.Lehmann,‘The Polyeric Quest:Renaissance and Baroque Theories about Ancient Men of War’,Ph.D thesis,Rotterdam,1995,pp.59-60.
1700141515
1700141516 [41]F.Oliviere,Arte de Guerra do Mar:Estrategia e Guerra naval no Tempo dos Descombrimentos,(Lisbon:Ediçöes 70 Lda,2008),可以见到这本书留存下来的一本副本以及经过现代排版的文本。其导言由A.S.里贝罗(A.S.Ribeiro)撰写。
1700141517
1700141518 [42]Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,pp.47-48.
1700141519
1700141520 [43]Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,pp.49-53.
1700141521
1700141522 [44]对葡萄牙作为英国的被保护国这段关系的经典研究请见:A.D.Francis,The Methuens and Portugal,1691–1708,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1966,p.268.
1700141523
1700141524 [45]Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,pp.65-68.
1700141525
1700141526 [46]Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,pp.81-82,87-88.
1700141527
1700141528 [47]Boxer,Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion,p.54.
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