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注释：
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[1]J.H.Billington,The Icon and the Axe
:An Interpretative History of Russian Culture,New York
:Random House,1970,p.113.
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[2]扬·格里特的著作，特别是《海军与国家》（Navies and Nations），对于理解这种欧洲现象及其与民主政治、商业扩张和民族文化的联系至关重要。
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[3]L.Hughes,Russia in the Age of Peter the Great,New Haven,CT,and London
:Yale University Press,1998,p.25.
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[5]James Cracraft,The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture,Cambridge,MA
:Belknap Press/Harvard University Press,2004,pp.45-52;Baxter,William III and the Defense of European Liberty 1650–1702,p.363.
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[6]Cracraft,The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture,p.54.铠甲与以海军为主题的画面非常协调。当时，像本博这样的英国海军英雄在肖像画中都是穿着铠甲的。Willis,Admiral Benbow,p.253.
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[7]Cracraft,The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture.
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[8]Cracraft,The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture,frontispiece.
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[9]对海军力量在彼得战略中所起作用的深刻评价，请参见W.C.Fuller,Strategy and Power in Russia 1600–1914,New York
:Free Press,1992,pp.69-71.
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[10]Hughes,Russia in the Age of Peter the Great,pp.3,17-18.
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[11]1711年7月，第三次俄土战争期间，彼得大帝率领的俄军在普鲁特河附近被土耳其和鞑靼联军包围，俄军粮草不足，陷入困境，为避免被俘，彼得只好放弃了在此前的战争中从土耳其人手里夺取的土地。——译者注
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[12]Hughes,Russia in the Age of Peter the Great,pp.27-28,49,82.
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[13]Hughes,Russia in the Age of Peter the Great,p.29.
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[14]Hughes,Russia in the Age of Peter the Great,pp.31-32;C.A.G.Bridge,ed.,‘Introduction’ to History of the Russian Fleet during the Reign of Peter the Great,London
:Navy Records Society,1899,pp.xxi-xxii.
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[15]J.Ceacraft,The Petrine Revolution in Architecture,Chicago,IL
:University of Chicago Press,1988,pp.150,173,179,181.该地点平均每年爆发一次洪灾。
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[16]Billington,The Icon and the Axe,pp.181-183.
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[17]J.Ceacraft,The Petrine Revolution in Architecture,pp.119-121.
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[18]Arcadius Kahan,The Plow,the Hammer and the Knout
:An Economic History of Eighteenth-Century Russia,Chicago,IL
:University of Chicago Press,1985,pp.87-88.
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[19]Ceacraft,The Petrine Revolution in Architecture,pp.208,217,220,232.
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[20]Ceacraft,The Petrine Revolution in Architecture,pp.87-88;K.Zinovieff,J.Hughes,Guide to St.Petersburg,Woodbridge
:Boydell ＆ Brewer,2003,pp.67-86.
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[21]Kahan,The Plow,the Hammer and the Knout,pp.86-88.
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[22]Cracraft,The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture,pp.90-91.
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[23]Cracraft,The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture,pp.132-138,151-153,155,196.这句话是在1710年时说的。
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[24]A.Cross,By the Banks of the Neva
:Chapters from the Lives and Careers of the British in Eighteenth Century Russia,Cambridge
:Cambridge University Press,1999,p.333，citing F.C.Weber,The Present State of Russia
:Volume 1,London,1723,p.4.
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