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19号染色体
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许多书刊报中都对基因筛查的利弊进行了详尽的讨论，但却缺乏让人眼睛为之一亮的作品。钱德勒·伯尔（Chandler Burr）的《再创：生物学如何使我们成为同性恋》（矮脚鸡出版社，1996）正是难得的精品。
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[1] L yon, J. and Gorner, P. (1996). Altered fates. Norton, New York.
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[2] E to, M., Watanabe, K. and Makino, I. (1989). Increased frequencies of apolipoprotein E2 and E4 alleles in patients with ischemic heart disease.Clinical Genetics 36: 183-8.
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[3] L ucotte, G., Loirat, F. and Hazout, S. (1997). Patterns of gradient of apolipoprotein E allele *4 frequencies in western Europe. Human Biology 69: 253-62.
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[4] Kamboh, M. I. (1995). Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and susceptibility to Akheimer’s disease. Human Biology 67: 195-215; Flannery, T. (1998).Throwim way leg. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
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[5] C ook-Degan, R. (1995). The gene wars: science, politics and the human genome. Norton, New York.
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[6] Kamboh, M. I. (1995). Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. Human Biology 67: 195-215; Corder, E. H. et al.(1994). Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease. Nature Genetics 7: 180-84.
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[7] B ickeboller, H. et al. (1997). Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease
:genotypic-specific risks by age and sex. American Journal of Human Genetics 60: 439-46; Payami, H. et al. (1996). Gender difference in apolipoprotein E-associated risk for familial Alzheimer disease: a possible clue to the higher incidence of Alzheimer disease in women.American Journal of Human Genetics 58: 803-11; Tang, M. X. et al.(1996). Relative risk of Alzheimer disease and age-at-onset distributions,based on APOE genotypes among elderly African Americans, Caucasians and Hispanics in New York City. American Journal of Human Genetics 58: 574-84.
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[8] C aldicott, F. et al. (1998). Mental disorders and genetics: the ethical context. Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London.
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[9] B ickeboller, H. et al. (1997). Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease
:genotypic-specific risks by age and sex. American Journal of Human Genetics 60: 439-46.
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[10] M addox, J. (1998). What remains to be discovered. Macmillan, London.
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[11] C ookson, C. (1998). Markers on the road to avoiding illness. Financial Times, 3 March 1998, p. 18; Schmidt, K. (1998). Just for you. New Scientist, 14 November 1998, p. 32.
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[12] Wilkie, T. (1996). The people who want to look inside your genes.Guardian, 3 October 1996.
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20号染色体
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在罗莎琳德·里德利（Rosalind Ridley）和哈里·贝克（Harry Baker）的《致命蛋白》一书中，作者很好地讲述了朊病毒的前世今生（牛津大学出版社，1998）。此外，我还借鉴了理查德·罗兹（Richard Rhodes）的《致命盛宴》（西蒙与舒斯特出版社，1997），以及罗伯特·克利兹曼的《颤抖的山脉》（企鹅出版社，1998）。
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[1] P rusiner, S. B. and Scott, M. R. (1997). Genetics of prions. Annual Review of Genetics 31: 139-75.
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[2] B rown, D. R. et al. (1997). The cellular prion protein binds copper in vivo. Nature 390: 684-7.
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[3] P rusiner, S. B.,Scott, M. R., DeArmand, S. J. and Cohen, F. E. (1998).Prion protein biology. Cell 99: 337-49.
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[4] Klein, M. A. et al. (1997). A crucial role for B cells in neuroinvasive scrapie. Nature 390: 687-90.
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[5] Ridley, R. M. and Baker H. F. (1998). Fatal protein. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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21号染色体
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关于优生运动的最详尽历史，可以参看丹·凯夫利斯（Dan Kevles）的著作《以优生学为名》（哈佛大学出版社，1985），不过里面主要写的是美国的情况。要想知道当时欧洲的情况，可参看约翰·凯里（John Carey）的《知识分子与大众》（费伯出版社，1992）一书，定会令你大开眼界。
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[1] H awkins, M. (1997). Social Darwinism in European and American thought. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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[2] Kevles, D. (1985). In the name of eugenics. Harvard University Press,Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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