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38 “Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF),” Pan American Health Organization: Epidemiological Bulletin 16:3, September 1995, http://www.paho.org/english/sha/epibul_95-98/be953vhf.htm, (September 22, 2010).
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39 http://www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/cd/dengue.htm.
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40 Zachary Lown, “Violent student protests shut down parts of Merida, Venezuela,” venezuelanalysis.com, May 1, 2009, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/4411, (September 22, 2010).
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41 “Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis),” World Health Organization fact sheet, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/, (September 22, 2010).
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42 “Introduction to ELISA Activity,” an animated tutorial from the University of Arizona, http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/activities/elisa/main.html.
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43 Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), PDF文件下载地址：http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf.
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44 http://www.lava-amp.com/technology.html.
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45 Kary Mullis, Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1993, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1993/mullis-lecture.html.
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46 Gina Kolata and Andrew Pollack, “Costly cancer drug offers hope, but also a dilemma,” The New York Times, July 6, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/06/health/06avastin.html, (September 22, 2010).
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47 Andrew Pollack, “Genzyme drug shortage leaves users feeling betrayed,” The New York Times, April 15, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/business/16genzyme.html, (September 22, 2010).
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第6章：仪器也开源
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48 http://www.pearlbiotech.com/.
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49 http://www.netmarketshare.com/browser-market-share.aspx, (September 23, 2010).
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50 Nicholas Carlson, “What it’s like working for Twitter,” Business Insider, May 22, 2009, http://www.businessinsider.com/what-its-like-working-for-twitter-clip-2009-5, (September 23, 2010).
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51 http://www.arduino.cc/.
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52 Peter Gwynne and Gary Heebner, “PCR and Cloning: A Technology for the 21st Century,” Science, special advertising section, February 9, 2001, http://www.sciencemag.org/products/pcr.dtl, (September 23, 2010).
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53 http://openpcr.org/.
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54 Kickstarter FAQ, http://www.kickstarter.com/help/faq,
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55 Dale Dougherty, @dalepd, June 15, 2010, http://twitter.com/dalepd/status/16253152287.
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56 Tim O’Reilly, @timoreilly, June 15, 2010, http://twitter.com/timoreilly/status/16268192528.
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57 OpenPCR’s Kickstarter page http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/930368578/openpcr-open-source-biotech-on-your-desktop, (September 23, 2010).
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58 “Adoption of genetically engineered crops in the U.S.,” U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service data, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/BiotechCrops/, (September 23, 2010).
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第7章：农业是黑客的巅峰之作
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59 Jared M. Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997), 105.
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60 Vandana Shiva, et al., Seeds of Suicide: The Ecological and Human Costs of Globalisation of Agriculture (New Delhi: Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology, 2002).
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