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[1] 肿瘤发生的经典学说是1953—1954年提出的累积突变学说，然而这种经典模型正在受到大量挑战。近年来有研究认为肿瘤的发生是受进化压力的影响：当健康的组织生态系统发生变化，如老化、受吸烟或者其他压力影响时，癌变细胞可迅速适应变化后的环境，并在自然选择中一代又一代传承。
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[2] 据世卫组织报道，现在人类近1/6的死亡是由癌症造成的。
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[3] 大象是现存世界上最大的陆地栖息的哺乳动物。亚洲象肩高3.7~4.1米，体重3吨~5吨；非洲象肩高4.3~4.5米，体重5.5吨~8吨。这两种象寿命均为70岁左右，有记录可查的最长寿大象活了86岁。
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生命密码：你的第一本基因科普书 [:1700236014]
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生命密码：你的第一本基因科普书 这不是一“只”蚂蚁
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地球上最成功的昆虫是什么？
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从各个方面看，蚂蚁都是有力的竞争者。
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蚂蚁分布于除南极洲以外的所有大洲，目前已发现超过12000种蚂蚁。蚂蚁的总数量更是天文数字——据估计，所有蚂蚁的重量加起来占到所有陆生生物重量的15%~20%。
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