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关于第一篇“延伸阅读”，参见：尤永隆、林丹军、张彦定主编：《发育生物学》，科学出版社，2011年；Ransky,B.(1982).Review of medical embryology. NY: Macmillan。
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关于第二篇“延伸阅读”，参见：杨荣武：《生物化学原理》，高等教育出版社，2006年；Nelson, D. L.(2017).Lehningerprinciples of biochemistry(7th Edition). W. H. Freeman。
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第七章
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I Thermophilic bacteria，美国黄石国家公园官方网站，https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/thermophilic-bacteria.htm。
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II Zeikus, J. G.; Ben-Bassat, A.; Hegge, P. W.(1980). Microbiology of methanogenesis in thermal, volcanic environments.Journal of bacteriology, 143(1)
:432–440.
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III Fernández-Remolar, D. C.; Morris, R. V.; Gruener, J. E.; et al.(2005). The Río Tinto Basin, Spain: Mineralogy, sedimentary geobiology, and implications for interpretation of outcrop rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars.Earth and planetary science letters, 240 (1): 149–167.
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IV Sanz J. L.; Rodríguez, N.; Diaz, E.; et al.(2011). Methanogenesis in the sediments of Rio Tinto, an extreme acidic river.Environmental microbiology, 13(8)
:2336-41; Harmsen, H. J.; Van Kuijk, B. L.; Plugge, C. M.; et al.(1998). Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans sp. nov., a syntrophic propionate-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium.International journal of systematic bacteriology, 48 Pt 4(4)
:1383-1387；Sánchez-Andrea, I.; Knittel, K.; Amann, R.; et al.(2012). Quantification of Tinto River sediment microbial communities: importance of sulfate-reducing bacteria and their role in attenuating acid mine drainage.Applied andenvironmental microbiology, 78(13)
:4638–4645.
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V Borowitzka, L. J.; Kessly, D. S.; Brown, A. D.(1977). The salt relations of Dunaliella.Archives of microbiology. 113(1–2): 131–138；Stryer, L.(1995).Biochemistry(4th ed.). New York - Basingstoke: W. H. Freeman and Company.
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VI http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/197623/icode/.
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VII Zuckerkandl, E.; Pauling, L.(1965). Molecules as documents of evolutionary history.Journal of Theoretical Biology, 8(2): 357–366.
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VIII Woese, C. R.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. L.(1990). Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Ar chaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(12): 4576–4579.
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IX Archibald, J. M.（2008）. The eocyte hypothesis and the origin of eukaryotic cells.Proceedings of the national academy ofsciences, 105(51): 20049–20050.
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X Leipe, D. D.; Aravind, L.; Koonin, E. V.(1999). Did DNA replication evolve twice independently?Nucleic acids research, 27(17): 3389-3401.
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XI Koonin, E. V.; Martin, W.(2005). On the origin of genomes and cells within inorganic compartments.Trends in genetics, 21(12): 647-654.
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XII zhou, Qi; Jarvis, E.D.; Mirarab, S.; et al.(2014). Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds.Science. 346(6215): 1320–1331.
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XIII Margulis, L.(1981).Symbiosis in cell evolution. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman.
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XIV Gould, S.B.; Maier, Uwe-G; Martin, W. F.(2015). Protein import and the origin of red complex plastids.Current biology,25(12)
:R515-R521；McFadden, G. I.; van Dooren, G. G.(2004). Evolution: red algal genome afirms a common origin of all plastids.Current biology, 14(13): R514-6；Gould, S. B.; Waller, R. F.; McFadden, G. I.(2008). Plastid evolution.Annual reviewof plant biology, 59(1): 491–517.
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XV Keeling, P. J.(2004). Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts.American journal of botany, 91(10)
:1481-1493.
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XVI Okamoto, N.; Inouye, Isao.(2005). A secondary symbiosis in progress?.Science. 310(5746): 287.
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第三幕
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第八章
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I Berg, I. A.(2011). Ecological aspects of the distribution of diferent autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways.Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(6) 1925-1936.
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II Ellis, R. J.(1979). Most abundant protein in the world.Trends in biochemical sciences, 4: 241–244.
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III Fuchs, G.(2011). Alternative pathways of carbon dioxide fixation: Insights into the early evolution of life?Annual review of microbiology, 65(1): 631–658; Hu, Yajing; Holden, J. F.(2006). Citric acid cycle in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum grown autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically with acetate.Journal of bacteriology, 188(12)
:4350–4355；Barbara, J.; Campbell, S.; Craig, C.(2004). Abundance of reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle genes in free-living microorganisms at deep-sea hydrothermal vents.Applied and environmental microbiology, 70(10): 6282-6289.
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IV 关于奇异变形杆菌的三羧酸循环，参见：Alteri, C. J.; Himpsl, S. D.; Engstrom, M. D.; et al.(2012). Anaerobic respira tion using a complete oxidative TCA cycle drives multicellular swarming in proteus mirabilis.Mbio, 3(6): 17-17。
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