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43. Ibid.
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44. K. Koops, W. C. McGrew, and T. Matsuzawa, “Do Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes) Use Cleavers and Anvils to Fracture Treculia africana Fruits? Preliminary Data on a New Form of Percussive Technology,” Primates 51 (2010): 175–178; W. C. McGrew, “Primatology: Advanced Ape Technology,” Current Biology 14 (2004): R1046–R1047; D. J. Povinelli, J. E. Reaux, and S. H. Frey, “Chimpanzees’ Context- Dependent Tool Use Provides Evidence for Separable Repre sen ta tions of Hand and Tool Even during Active Use within Peripersonal Space,” Neuropsychologia 48 (2010): 243–247.
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45. A. D. Baddeley, “Is Working Memory Still Working?” American Psychologist 56 (2001): 851–864.
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46. F. L. Coo lidge and T. Wynn, “Working Memory, Its Executive Functions, and the Emergence of Modern Thinking,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15 (2005): 5–26; T. Wynn and F. L. Coo lidge, “Beyond Symbolism and Language: An Introduction to Supplement 1, Working Memory,“Current Anthropology 51 (2010): S5–S16. The concept of the “modern mind”should be taken with a grain of salt, because it presupposes an ability to precisely defi ne modern as opposed to premodern, and to sharply demarcate those hominins who possessed a modern mind from those who did not. See J. J. Shea, “Homo sapiens Is as Homo sapiens Was,” Current Anthropology 52(2011): 1–35.
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47. D. E. J. Linden, “The Working Memory Networks of the Human Brain,” Neuroscientist 13 (2007): 257–267; D. M. Barch and E. Smith, “The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory: Relevance to CNTRICS and Schizo phre nia,” Biological Psychiatry 64 (2008): 11–17; T. Klingberg,“Training and Plasticity of Working Memory,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (2010): 317–324.
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48. C. P. Beaman, “Working Memory and Working Attention,” Current Anthropology 51 (2010): S27–S38; M. N. Haidle, “Working- Memory Capacity and the Evolution of Modern Cognitive Potential,” Current Anthropology 51 (2010)
:S149–S166.
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49. Shea, “Homo sapiens Is as Homo sapiens Was.”
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50. G. O. Einstein et al., “Multiple Pro cesses in Prospective Memory Retrieval: Factors Determining Monitoring Versus Spontaneous Retrieval,“Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 134 (2005): 327–342; J. Fish, B. A. Wilson, and T. Manly, “The Assessment and Rehabilitation of Prospective Memory Problems in People with Neurological Disorders: A Review,” Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 20 (2010): 161–179.
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51. Fish, Wilson, and Manly, “Assessment and Rehabilitation”; P. W. Burgess, “Strategy Application Disorder: The Role of the Frontal Lobes in Human Multitasking,” Psychological Research 63 (2000): 279–288; P. W. Burgess, A. Quayle, and C. D. Frith, “Brain Regions Involved in Prospective Memory as Determined by Positron Emission Tomography,” Neuropsychologia 39 (2001): 545; H. E. M. den Ouden et al., “Thinking about Intentions,” NeuroImage 28 (2005): 787–796; Y. Wang et al., “Meta- Analysis of Prospective Memory in Schizo phre nia: Nature, Extent, and Correlates,” Schizo phrenia Research 114 (2009): 64–70.
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52. R. Wrangham, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human (New York: Basic Books, 2009).
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53. D. E. Sutton, Remembrance of Repasts (Oxford: Berg, 2001); D. E. Sutton, “A Tale of Easter Ovens: Food and Collective Memory,” Social Research 75 (2008): 157–180.
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54. Sutton, Remembrance of Repasts, 28.
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55. Ibid., 29.
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56. T. Suddendorf, “Episodic Memory versus Episodic Foresight: Simi larities and Differences,” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Sciences 1 (2009): 99–107; T. Suddendorf and M. C. Corballis, “The Evolution of Foresight: What Is Mental Time Travel, and Is It Unique to Humans?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (2007): 299–351; T. Suddendorf, D. R. Addis, and M. C. Corballis, “Mental Time Travel and the Shaping of the Human Mind,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 364 (2009): 1317–1324.
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57. Suddendorf, “Episodic Memory.”
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58. J. D. Holtzman, “Food and Memory,” Annual Review of Anthropology 35 (2006): 361–378.
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59. J. Siskind, “The Invention of Thanksgiving: A Ritual of American Nationality,” Critique of Anthropology 12 (1992): 167–191, quote from 185.
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60. M. Halbwachs, The Collective Memory (New York: Harper and Row Colophon, 1980), 44.
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第六章 好食物、坏食物
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1. A. Escoffi er, Memories of My Life, trans. L. Escoffi er (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997), 33.
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2. See, for example, M. Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Con cepts of Pollution and Taboo (New York: Praeger, 1966); M. Harris, Good to Eat: Riddles of Food and Culture (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1985).
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3. R. J. Sullivan and E. H. Hagen, “Psychotropic Substance- Seeking: Evolutionary Pathology or Adaptation?” Addiction 97 (2002): 389–400.
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4. J. Waugh, “DNA Barcoding in Animal Species: Progress, Potential, and Pitfalls,” BioEssays 29 (2007): 188–197; see also the PhyloCode Project at www.ohio.edu/ phylocode/ index.html.
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5. S. Atran, “Folk Biology and the Anthropology of Science: Cognitive Universals and Cultural Particulars,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1998): 547–609; M. Bang, D. L. Medin, and S. Atran, “Cultural Mosaics and Mental Models of Nature,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (2007): 13868–13874.
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6. Atran, “Folk Biology and the Anthropology of Science.”
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