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23. C. Messier, “Glucose Improvement of Memory: A Review,” Eu ro pe an Journal of Pharmacology 490 (2004): 33–57.
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24. Ibid.
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25. A. L. Macready et al., “Flavonoids and Cognitive Function: A Review of Human Randomized Controlled Trial Studies and Recommendations for Future Studies,” Genes and Nutrition 4 (2009): 227–243; J. P. E. Spencer, “The Impact of Fruit Flavonoids on Memory and Cognition,“British Journal of Nutrition 104 (2010): S40–S47.
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26. Spencer, “Impact of Fruit Flavonoids.”
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27. G. W. Arendash and C. Cao, “Caffeine and Coffee as Therapeutics against Alzheimer’s Disease,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 20 (2010): S117–S126.
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28. P. Wostyn et al., “Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Production as a Possible Mechanism Underlying Caffeine’s Protective Effect against Alzheimer’s Disease,” International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2011 (2011): 617420.
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29. Arendash and Cao, “Caffeine and Coffee.”
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30. W. Grimes, “First, a Little Something from the Chef… Very, Very Little,” New York Times, July 22, 1998.
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31. D. R. Paul et al., “Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire by Direct Mea sure ment of Habitual Ad Libitum Food Intake,” American Journal of Epidemiology 162 (2005): 806–814; A. F. Subar et al., “Comparative Validation of the Block, Willett, and National Cancer Institute Food Frequency Questionnaires,” American Journal of Epidemiology 154 (2001): 1089–1099.
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32. Paul et al., “Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire”; Subar et al., “Comparative Validation”; W. Willett, “A Further Look at Dietary Questionnaire Validation,” American Journal of Epidemiology 154 (2001): 1100–1102; G. Block, “Another Perspective on Food Frequency Questionnaires,” American Journal of Epidemiology 154 (2001): 1103–1104.
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33. Paul et al., “Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire,” 812.
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34. Willett, “A Further Look at Dietary Questionnaire Validation,” 1100.
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35. B. Wansink, Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think (New York: Bantam, 2006).
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36. Ibid., 40.
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37. P. Rozin et al., “What Causes Humans to Begin and End a Meal? A Role for Memory for What Has Been Eaten, as Evidenced by a Study of Multiple Meal Eating in Amnesic Patients,” Psychological Science 9 (1998): 392–396.
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38. Ibid., 394.
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39. S. Higgs et al., “Sensory- Specifi c Satiety Is Intact in Amnesics Who Eat Multiple Meals,” Psychological Science 19 (2008): 623–628.
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40. I. L. Bernstein, “Food Aversion Learning: A Risk Factor of Nutritional Problems in the El der ly,” Physiology and Behavior 66 (1999): 199–201; C. C. Horn, “Why Is the Neurobiology of Nausea and Vomiting So Important?” Appetite 50 (2008): 430–434.
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41. P. Rozin, “Psychobiological Perspectives on Food Preferences and Avoidances,” in Food and Evolution: Toward a Theory of Human Food Habits, ed. M. Harris and E. B. Ross, 181–205 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987).
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42. F. Bermúdez- Rattoni, “Molecular Mechanisms of Taste- Recognition Memory,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5 (2004): 209–217.
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43. Ibid.
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44. K. Koops, W. C. McGrew, and T. Matsuzawa, “Do Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes) Use Cleavers and Anvils to Fracture Treculia africana Fruits? Preliminary Data on a New Form of Percussive Technology,” Primates 51 (2010): 175–178; W. C. McGrew, “Primatology: Advanced Ape Technology,” Current Biology 14 (2004): R1046–R1047; D. J. Povinelli, J. E. Reaux, and S. H. Frey, “Chimpanzees’ Context- Dependent Tool Use Provides Evidence for Separable Repre sen ta tions of Hand and Tool Even during Active Use within Peripersonal Space,” Neuropsychologia 48 (2010): 243–247.
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45. A. D. Baddeley, “Is Working Memory Still Working?” American Psychologist 56 (2001): 851–864.
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46. F. L. Coo lidge and T. Wynn, “Working Memory, Its Executive Functions, and the Emergence of Modern Thinking,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15 (2005): 5–26; T. Wynn and F. L. Coo lidge, “Beyond Symbolism and Language: An Introduction to Supplement 1, Working Memory,“Current Anthropology 51 (2010): S5–S16. The concept of the “modern mind”should be taken with a grain of salt, because it presupposes an ability to precisely defi ne modern as opposed to premodern, and to sharply demarcate those hominins who possessed a modern mind from those who did not. See J. J. Shea, “Homo sapiens Is as Homo sapiens Was,” Current Anthropology 52(2011): 1–35.
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47. D. E. J. Linden, “The Working Memory Networks of the Human Brain,” Neuroscientist 13 (2007): 257–267; D. M. Barch and E. Smith, “The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory: Relevance to CNTRICS and Schizo phre nia,” Biological Psychiatry 64 (2008): 11–17; T. Klingberg,“Training and Plasticity of Working Memory,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (2010): 317–324.
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