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4﹒吴就君,黄梅羹,宋维村﹒表露情绪简式工具在中国台湾人之应用﹒中国心理卫生杂志,1999,1:11-14
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5﹒王善澄﹒精神疾病的康复,北京华夏出版社,1990
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6﹒朱紫青﹒促进抑郁症患者社会康复的策略﹒第五届全国精神康复学术会议论文汇编﹒2002﹒11
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7﹒徐敏洁,翁永振,李东利,等﹒北京地区精神分裂症患者家属情感表达测查报告﹒中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14:161-163
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精神分裂症的康复操作手册 第五章 慢性精神分裂症的诊断、治疗与康复
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第一节 慢性精神分裂症的基本概念
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一、慢性精神分裂症的定义
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呈缓慢起病,病程持续缓慢进展,临床以阴性症状为主,整个病程中有连续两年不出现缓解,随病期延长,社会功能缺损逐渐加重的精神分裂症称为慢性精神分裂症。
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M﹒Bleuler在观察了大量精神分裂症慢性化过程后指出,慢性精神分裂症的概念是———由临床症状、病程经过和预后结局诸因素共同体现的疾病过程。当精神分裂症进入一个长期持续的过程时,意味着疾病发展已至慢性阶段。
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笔者在临床工作中观察到,慢性精神分裂症无论从起病形式、病程进展、临床症状表现以及治疗效果、预后等方面都有别于一般精神分裂症,因此有必要将两者进行区别。慢性精神分裂症不像一般精神分裂症那样具有早期、症状发展期而逐渐走向慢性期的临床过程,而是在整个病程中,没有活跃的阳性症状,也没有经治疗达到临床缓解的过程,直至总病期数十年以后,依然病情无明显变化,但其社会功能缺损从疾病开始即存在,并且随病期延长逐渐加重,这类患者又可称为典型的慢性精神分裂症患者。
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