1700624850
1700624851
[6] Ibid., p.5.
1700624852
1700624853
[7] Ibid., p.4.
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1700624855
[8] James E. Stuart, The Blue Cross Story: An Informal Biography of the Voluntary Nonprofit Prepayment Plan for Hospital Care (self-published), 1952, p.18.
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1700624857
[9] R. Cunningham and R. M. Cunningham, The Blues: A History of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield System (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University, 1997), p.35.
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1700624859
[10] Ibid., p.59.
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1700624861
[11] Ibid., p.92.
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1700624863
[12] Ibid., p.118.
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[13] Oscar Ewing, press statement (Federal Security Agency, Washington, DC, June 25,1951).
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[14] Julian E. Zelizer, “How Medicare Was Made,” New Yorker, Feb. 15, 2015.
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[15] Paul Starr, The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry (New York: Basic Books, 1982).
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1700624871
[16] Howard, S. Berliner, “The Origins of Health Insurance for the Aged,” International Journal of Health Services 3, no. 3 (1973): 465.
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1700624873
[17] Sue Blevins, Medicare’s Midlife Crisis (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2001), p.42.
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1700624875
[18] Julian Zelizer, “The Contentious Origins of Medicare and Medicaid,” in Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p.13.
1700624876
1700624877
[19] James Morone and Elisabeth Fauquert, “Medicare in American Political History: The Rise and Fall of Social Insurance,” in Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p.299.
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1700624879
[20] Ibid., p.299.
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1700624881
[21] Ibid.
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1700624883
[22] Ibid., p.300.
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1700624885
[23] Ira Katznelson, Fear Itself, The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time (New York: Liveright, 2013)
1700624886
1700624887
[24] Sue Blevins, Medicare’s Midlife Crisis (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2001), p.46.
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1700624889
[25] Ibid.
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1700624891
[26] D. B. Smith, “Civil Rights and Medicare, Historical Convergence and Continuing Legacy,” in Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p.35.
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[27] Ibid.
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[28] Nathaniel Wesley, Black Hospitals in America: History, Contributions, and Demise (Tallahassee, Fla., NRW Associates Publications, 2010).
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[29] Cited in Rick Mayes, “The Origins, Development, and Passage of Medicare’s Revolutionary Prospective Payment System,” Journal of the History of Medicine 62, Jan. 2007, p.25.
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[30] Uwe Reinhardt, “Medicare Innovations in the War Over the Key to the US Treasury,” in Medicare and Medicaid at 50, America’s Entitlement Programs in the Age of Affordable Care, Alan B. Cohen, David C. Colby, Keith A. Wailoo, and Julian Zelizer, eds. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), p.172.
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