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[19] C. Delaunay, “Registries in Orthopaedics,” Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research, 101 (2015), S69–S75.
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[20] P. Slatis and B. Veraart, “Goran Carl Harald Bauer: 1923–1994,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 65: 5, 491–8, 1994.
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[21] Barry Meier, “A Call for a Warning System on Artificial Joints,” New York Times, July 29, 2008.
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[22] Australian Orthopedic Association. National Joint Replacement Registry, annual report 2007. AOA, 2008.
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[23] D. Cohen, “Out of joint: The Story of the ASR,” British Medical Journal, May 14, 2011, 342
:d2905.
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[24] Ibid.
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[25] Barry Meier, “A Call for a Warning System on Artificial Joints,” New York Times, July 29, 2008.
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[26] Barry Meier, “House Bill Would Create Artificial Joints Registry,” New York Times, June 10, 2009.
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[27] Barry Meier, “Concerns Over Metal on Metal Hip Implants,” New York Times, March 3, 2010.
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[28] Ibid.
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[29] http://www.mcminncentre.co.uk/research-lectures-debate.html. Accessed October 9, 2019.
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[30] Barry Meier, “Doctors Who Don’t Speak Out,” New York Times, Feb. 15, 2013.
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[31] DePuy Orthopedics Inc. 2010. “DePuy Orthopedics Voluntarily Recalls Hip System,” https://www.depuysynthes.com/about/news-press/qs/depuy-orthopaedics-voluntarily-recalls-asr-hip-system–depuy. Accessed October 9, 2019.
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[32] http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/j/NYSE_JNJ_2013.pdf. Accessed October 9, 2019.
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[33] Barry Meier, “Frustrations from a Deal on Flawed Hip Implants,” New York Times, Nov. 25, 2013.
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[34] Matthias Wienroth, et al., “Precaution, governance and the failure of medical implants: The ASR hip in the UK,” Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 2014, 10
:19.
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[35] Andrew Barry, Political Machines: Governing a Technological Society (London: Athlone Press, 2001).
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[36] Matthias Wienroth, et al., “Precaution, governance and the failure of medical implants: The ASR hip in the UK,” Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 2014, 10
:19.
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[37] D. Cohen, “How Safe are Metal-on-Metal Hip Implants?” British Medical Journal, Feb. 28, 2012, 344: e1410.
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外科的诞生：从文艺复兴到移植手术革命 第十四章医疗产业园区与医疗器械
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在美国南北战争之后的几十年中，铁路在西部的扩张将整个大陆的林地、农田、石油生产设施和港口连接起来，摩根、科尼利厄斯·范德比尔特和杰伊·古尔德等实业家纷纷涌现，促进了美国内陆城市的发展。虽然石油生产在1901年以前相当有限，但中西部大油田的发现使石油产业从轻型润滑油工业转变为燃料生产工业。得克萨斯州的休斯敦当时已经从一个西部的偏远小镇发展成为重要的港口城市，铁路四通八达，深水航道通向海洋。
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20世纪初期，距离休斯敦建城不过百年，它就已经发展成为一个重要的交通枢纽，其银行“依靠石油、棉花和木材企业的丰厚利润，具有一定的偿付能力，能够为商业投资提供急需的贷款”。[1] 有两对兄弟决定将他们从事棉花贸易业务的安德森与克莱顿公司（Anderson, Clayton and Company）从俄克拉何马市转移过来，希望在这个蓬勃发展的得州东南部小镇发家致富。该公司由门罗和弗兰克·安德森兄弟，以及弗兰克妻子的兄弟威尔·克莱顿（以及后来的本·克莱顿）创立，自1904年成立以来，一直相当成功。
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父亲过世时，门罗·安德森只有五岁，他一直在田纳西州的杰克逊镇生活。基本上没有接受过本科教育的门罗在杰克逊镇做银行出纳期间，学到了一些常识性的银行业务知识，远程管理安德森与克莱顿公司账目几年之后，他于1907年决定搬到休斯敦。虽然公司直到1916年才将总部迁到那里，但是门罗本人在这座蓬勃发展的港口城市扎根30年之久。他一辈子住在小旅馆里，终身未婚，精打细算地存着钱。
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