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（陈亚岗 朱彪）
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内科学新进展 第二节 严重急性呼吸综合征
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摘 要 严重急性呼吸综合征（severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS）是一种新的急性呼吸道传染病，该病由SARS冠状病毒（SARS-coronavirus, SARS-CoV）引起，具有传染性强、流行面广、病死率较高等特点。临床上以进展性病毒性肺炎为特征，表现为发热、乏力、头痛、肌肉关节酸痛等全身症状和干咳、胸闷、呼吸困难等呼吸道症状为主要表现，腹泻等消化道症状是最常见的肺外表现；胸部影像学检查可见毛玻璃样改变以及局部实变；实验室检查外周血白细胞计数正常或降低；抗菌药物治疗无效是其重要特征。重症病例表现明显的呼吸困难，并可迅速发展成为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)。诊断主要以流行病史，临床特征以及实验室检查为主，病原学检查进一步明确SARS的诊断。治疗上主要为对症支持，正确合理地使用糖皮质激素。
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Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome（SARS）is a novel infectious respiratory diseases caused by a novel coronavirus（the SARS-coronavirus, SARS-CoV）with intensive infectivity and high mortality. The typical clinical presentation of SARS is that of viral pneumonia with rapid respiratory deterioration. Fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, nonproductive cough and dyspnoea are the major symptoms. Diarrhea is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation. Chest radiographs typically show ground-glass opacities and focal consolidations.
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