打字猴:1.70063886e+09
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1700638882 (李林法)
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1700638887 内科学新进展 [:1700627050]
1700638888 内科学新进展 第十五章 超声影像学在临床中的应用进展
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1700638890 摘 要 超声影像学是现代医学发展中最快的领域之一,近年来的发展更是迅速,诸多新技术相继涌现,如二次谐波成像、能量多普勒显像、超声造影剂、高频腔内超声、三维成像技术、影像虚拟导航技术及介入超声等,这些技术的成熟和临床应用,使得超声影像学在临床上发挥更加重要的作用。超声影像学已经渗透到各个临床专业领域,受到了临床医师的认可和青睐。
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1700638892 本章节将对超声医学的一个重要分支——介入性超声医学作一重点描述。从传统意义上讲,介入性超声通常是指在超声引导下的各种穿刺诊断和引流等技术。然而,从超声技术发展的新概念意义上讲,各种超声引导下的诊断与治疗、术中超声、侵入性超声、经腔超声、超声造影显像,以及高能聚焦超声治疗等,也应归属于介入性超声的范畴。固然,超声医学的发展与超声技术本身的进步密切相关,同时,也受益于临床各种微创诊断与治疗技术的不断创新和发展。无疑超声显像的自身特点,即实时、简便、无放射损伤、高分辨力、高度普及等,使之真正成为各种介入性诊断与治疗的首选方法。
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1700638894 Abstract Ultrasonography is one of the fast developed modern medicine, especially in recent years. Many new techniques appear, such as second harmonic generation, power doppler imaging, ultrasound contrast agent, high-frequency endoluminal ultrasonography, three dimensional reconstruction, virtual navigation technology and interventional ultrasound. The development and clinical applications of the techniques mentioned above make ultrasonography play a more important role. Ultrasonography has(been)pervaded various fields of clinical medicine and is favored by the clinicians.
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1700638896 This chapter will introduce interventional ultrasound in detail, for interventional ultrasound is one of the most important techniques among ultrasonography, even counted as one of the best. In the traditional sense, interventional ultrasound is interventional procedures for instance biopsies or drainage of fluid collections. But interventional ultrasound from a new concept of sense, includes various kinds of interventional procedures for diagnosis and treatment, intraoperative ultrasonic monitoring, invasive ultrasonography, endoluminal ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, high intensity focused ultrasound. There is no doubt that the development of ultrasonography is in close relationship with the technique itself. Moreover it also benefits from the innovation and development of the minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. The characteristics of ultrasonography itself such as real time, convenient, without radiation injury, high resolution, and widely used undoubtedly make ultrasonography the first choice for invasive diagnosis and treatment.
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1700638901 内科学新进展 [:1700627051]
1700638902 内科学新进展 第一节 超声进展的概述
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1700638904 自1972年灰阶超声显像问世以来,仅仅30多年的时间,已发展成为高清晰度、高分辨力的实时超声显像系统,并具有彩色多普勒成像(Color Doppler Flow Imaging, CDFI)功能。近年来其发展更是一日千里,诸多新技术相继涌出,如二次谐波成像、能量多普勒显像、高频腔内超声,超声造影剂、三维成像技术及介入超声的发展等,这些技术的成熟和临床应用,必将超声医学带入一个新的境界。
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1700638906 一、谐波成像
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1700638908 谐波成像将成为未来推出的各种超声显像系统的基本工作模式,改善二维超声图像质量。谐波成像是近几年发展起来的利用非线性声学特性的一项新技术,由于超声探头技术进步,接收比发射频率高的回波成像,图像的分辨率相应提高、对比度增大、噪声伪像更低,从而使临床超声医学的基础——二维超声图像的质量上一台阶。超声造影剂UCA(ultrasound contrast agent)可以人为地扩大非线性现象,造影谐波成像能显著提高超声造影效果,敏感地显示各脏器内的微细血管,检测甚低速血流,利于鉴别肿瘤血管,提高心腔内膜识别。组织谐波成像在不使用UCA的情况下改善超声二维图像质量,方便、实用,使那些超声显像困难的患者可理想显像,如肥胖、肺气过多、肋间隙狭窄及腹壁较厚的病人等。这种基础二维超声图像的改善对超声医学具有重要的实用价值,必将对超声医学产生深远的影响。
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