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[19] Bertholon, P. (1780), De l’électricité du corps humain dans l’état de santé et de maladie (Paris: Didot), pp. 70, 94.
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[20] Galvani, L. (1953), Commentary on the Effect of Electricity on Muscular Motion (Cambridge, MA: Elizabeth Licht); Bresadola, M. (2003), in F. Holmes, et al. (eds.), Reworking the Bench: Research Notebooks in the History of Science (Dordrecht
:Kluwer), pp. 67–92.
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[21] Galvani (1953), p. 46.
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[22] Ibid., p. 97.
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[23] Ibid., pp. 60, 66, 67.
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[24] Ibid., p. 72.
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[25] 本段中的材料来自Valli, E. (1793), Experiments on Animal Electricity, with Their Application to Physiology (London: Johnson), pp. 5, 241–2。
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[26] Fowler, R. (1793), Experiments and Observations Relative to the Influence Lately Discovered by M. Galvani, and Commonly Called Animal Electricity (Edinburgh
:Duncan, Hill, Robertson & Berry, add Mudie).
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[27] Volta, A. (1816), Collezione dell’opere del cavaliere Conte Alessandro Volta, vol. 2, part I (Florence: Piatti), p. 111.
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[28] 亚历山大·洪堡(1769—1859),德国探险家、博物学家、自然地理学家,近代气象学、植物地理学等学科的创始人之一。——译者注
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[29] Finger, S., et al. (2013), Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 22: 237–352.
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[30] Mauro, A. (1969), Journal of the History of Medicine 24: 140–50.
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[31] Hoff, H. (1936), Annals of Science 1: 157–72.对该现象的首次阐述见:Matteucci, C. (1842), Annales de chimie et de physique, Série 36: 301–39。
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[32] Darwin, E. (1801), Zoonomia; Or, the Laws of Organic Life, vol. 1 (London
:Johnson), p. 83.
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[33] Pancaldi, G. (1990), Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 21
:123–60.
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[34] “原子堆”(atomic pile)这个词是个例外,它仍然被用于描述核反应堆。“原子电池”听起来会很奇怪。
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[35] Volta, A. (1800), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 90
:403–31.
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[36] 汉弗莱·戴维(1778—1829),英国化学家,被誉为“无机化学之父”。——译者注
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[37] Holmes (2008), pp. 274, 325. 没有证据表明戈德温真的参加了这次演讲,但戴维的演讲内容与《弗兰肯斯坦》在文本上具有惊人的相似性,这说明如果戈德温没有到场,那么她显然读过演讲内容的印刷版。
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[38] 伏打的鼻子没有被刺激出嗅觉,这是因为他并没有刺激到真正的嗅觉神经元,这些神经元位于鼻腔的高处(与眼睛的位置差不多高),从颅腔底部垂下来。不要在家尝试这种操作。
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[39] 我隐藏了一些细节,其中部分内容见:Aldini, J. (1803), An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism (London: Murray), pp. 68–80。
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[40] Aldini (1803); Aldini, J. (1804), Essai théorique et expérimental sur le galvinisme(Bologna: Piranesi).
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[41] Aldini (1803), p. 193.
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[42] The Times, 22 January 1803, p. 3.
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[43] Aldini (1804), p. 216.
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