1700675286
[31] Cajal (1894a), pp. 467–8. 卡哈尔著作的一些近期英文译本认为，卡哈尔采用了马克斯·诺尔道（Max Nordau）的表述，将感觉器官描述为“真正的计算机器”，见：Cajal, S. (1999), Texture of the Nervous System of Man and the Vertebrates (Berlin: Springer), p. 8，或者“计算装置”，见：Cajal, S. (1995), Histology of the Nervous System (Oxford: Oxford University Press)。事实上，Nordau (1885), Paradoxe (Leipzig: Elischer Nachfolger)中使用的短语是“Zusammenfassung zahlreiche Organe”，意思是“多个器官的组合”。看起来极有可能是卡哈尔或其他人对此翻译有误，令这个问题从此变得复杂。没有证据显示卡哈尔将神经系统的任何部分看作某种计算装置。对该问题的全面讨论见theideaofthebrain.com。
1700675287
1700675288
[32] Cajal, S. (1894b), Les Nouvelles idées sur la structure du système nerveux chez l’homme et chez les vertébrés (Paris: Reinwald), p. x.
1700675289
1700675290
[33] Bergson, H. (1911), Matter and Memory (London: Allen and Unwin), pp. 19–20.
1700675291
1700675292
[34] Keith, A. (1919), The Engines of the Human Body (London: Williams and Norgate), p. 259; Kirkland, K. (2002), Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 45: 212–23.
1700675293
1700675294
[35] Keith (1919), pp. 261–2.
1700675295
1700675296
[36] Otis (2001), p. 67.
1700675297
1700675298
[37] Robinson, J. (2001), Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission: Bridging the Gaps (1890–1990) (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 21.
1700675299
1700675300
[38] Foster, M. and Sherrington, C. (1897), A Text Book of Physiology, part III: The Central Nervous System (London: Macmillan), pp. 928–9.
1700675301
1700675302
[39] Ibid., p. 969.
1700675303
1700675304
[40] 材料来自Sherrington (1906), pp. 2, 3, 18。
1700675305
1700675306
[41] 引述来自ibid., pp. 141, 155, 39。
1700675307
1700675308
[42] Ibid., p. 39.
1700675309
1700675310
[43] Valenstein, E. (2005), The War of the Soups and the Sparks: The Discovery of Neurotransmitters and the Dispute Over How Nerves Communicate (New York
:Columbia University Press).另见：Dupont, J.-C. (1999), Histoire de la neurotrans-mission (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France); Robinson (2001); Marcum, J. (2006), Annals of Science 63: 139–56。我并未引用沃尔特·加斯科尔和沃尔特·坎农的工作，因为这会令大家的注意力从核心思想中偏离。
1700675311
1700675312
[44] Valenstein (2005), p. 6.
1700675313
1700675314
[45] Ackerknecht, E. (1974), Medical History 18: 1–8.
1700675315
1700675316
[46] Valenstein (2005), p. 19.
1700675317
1700675318
[47] Ibid., p. 22.
1700675319
1700675320
[48] Ibid., p. 43.
1700675321
1700675322
[49] Dale, H. (1914), Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 6: 147–90.
1700675323
1700675324
[50] Loewi, O. (1960), Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 4: 3–25, p. 17.
1700675325
1700675326
[51] Valenstein (2005), p. 58.
1700675327
1700675328
[52] Robinson (2001), pp. 63–7.
1700675329
1700675330
[53] Valenstein (2005), pp. 59–60.
1700675331
1700675332
[54] Ibid., p. 125; Eccles, J. (1976), Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 30
:219–30, p. 221.
1700675333
1700675334
[55] Eccles (1976), p. 225; Brooks, C. and Eccles, J. (1947), Nature 159: 760–64.
1700675335
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.700675286e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]