1700675786
1700675787
[14] Abraham (2016); Magnus (1930).
1700675788
1700675789
[15] Lettvin, J., et al. (1959), Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 47: 1940–51, p. 1950. 埃里克·坎德尔将他在海兔上开展的工作描述为对康德观点的验证,见:Kandel, E. (2006), In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind (New York: Norton), p. 202。
1700675790
1700675791
[16] Hull, C. (1937), Psychological Review 44: 1–32.
1700675792
1700675793
[17] 诺伯特·维纳(1894—1964),美国数学家,“控制论之父”。——译者注“弗洛伊德式错误”是精神分析学中的一个概念。弗洛伊德认为一个人在平时不经意间出现的笔误、口误等差错并不是毫无意义的,而是受其潜意识影响的。—译者注
1700675794
1700675795
[17A] “弗洛伊德式错误”是精神分析学中的一个概念。弗洛伊德认为一个人在平时不经意间出现的笔误、口误等差错并不是毫无意义的,而是受其潜意识影响的。——译者注
1700675796
1700675797
[18] Arbib (2000), p. 199; Heims, S. (1991), Constructing a Social Science for Postwar America: The Cybernetics Group, 1946–1953 (London: MIT Press), p. 38.
1700675798
1700675799
[19] Heims (1991), pp. 40–41; Conway, F. and Siegelman, J. (2005), Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener the Father of Cybernetics (New York
:Basic).
1700675800
1700675801
[20] McCulloch, W. and Pitts, W. (1943), Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5: 115–33.
1700675802
1700675803
[21] Arbib (2000), p. 207; Kay, L. (2001), Science in Context 14: 591–614, p. 592.
1700675804
1700675805
[22] McCulloch, W. (1965), Embodiments of Mind (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
1700675806
1700675807
[23] 乔治·布尔(1815—1864),英国数学家、逻辑学家,数理逻辑先驱。——译者注
1700675808
1700675809
[24] Ibid., p. 9.
1700675810
1700675811
[25] Arbib (2000), p. 199.
1700675812
1700675813
[26] 这些引述来自McCulloch and Pitts (1943), pp. 122, 123, 120。
1700675814
1700675815
[27] Masani, P. (1990), Norbert Wiener 1894–1964 (Basel: Birkhaüser Verlag); Kay (2001); Abraham (2004); Piccinini, G. (2004), Synthèse 141: 175–215; Koch, C. (1999), Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons (New York: Oxford University Press); 关于单个细胞中含有“与”门控的近期例证,见:Dobosiewicz, M., et al. (2019), eLife 8: e50566。
1700675816
1700675817
[28] Heims, S. (1980), John von Neumann&Norbert Weiner: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death (London: MIT Press), pp. 192–9.
1700675818
1700675819
[29] 这些引述来自von Neumann, J. (1993), IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 15: 27–43, pp. 33, 37, 38。
1700675820
1700675821
[30] Conway and Siegelman (2005).
1700675822
1700675823
[31] Abraham (2016), p. 89.
1700675824
1700675825
[32] Rosenblueth, A., et al. (1943), Philosophy of Science 10: 18–24, p. 20.
1700675826
1700675827
[33] Craik, K. (1943), The Nature of Explanation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 52; Zangwill, O. (1980), British Journal of Psychology 71: 1–16.
1700675828
1700675829
[34] Craik (1943), p. 53.
1700675830
1700675831
[35] Ibid., p. 61.
1700675832
1700675833
[36] Collins, A. (2012), Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 37: 254–68.
1700675834
1700675835
[37] Craik (1943), p. 115.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.700675786e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]