1700677130
1700677131
[98] Marzullo, T. (2017), Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education 15: R29–R35, p. R33.
1700677132
1700677133
[99] New York Times, 17 May 1965.
1700677134
1700677135
[100] Delgado, J. (1965), International Review of Neurobiology 6: 349–449; Horgan, J. (2005), Scientific American, October 2005; Keiper, A. (2006), New Atlantis Winter 2006: 4–41.
1700677136
1700677137
[101] Frank, L. (2018), The Pleasure Shock: The Rise of Deep Brain Stimulation and Its Forgotten Inventor (New York: Dutton); Baumeister, A. (2000), Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 9: 262–78.
1700677138
1700677139
[102] Moan, C. and Heath, R. (1972), Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 3: 23–30.
1700677140
1700677141
[103] Bishop, M., et al. (1963), Science 140: 394–6.
1700677142
1700677143
[104] 作者此处没有解释清楚,这根杠杆与电极相连,按下杠杆电极就会刺激大鼠的脑。——译者注
1700677144
1700677145
[105] Olds, J. and Milner, P. (1954), Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 47: 419–27.
1700677146
1700677147
[106] Olds, J. (1958), Science 127: 315–24.
1700677148
1700677149
[107] https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/1164793/darpa-funds-brain-stimulation-research-to-speed-learning/.
1700677150
1700677151
[108] Reardon, S. (2017), Nature 551: 549–50.
1700677152
1700677153
[109] Chen, S. (2019), Science 365: 456–7.
1700677154
1700677155
[110] Donoghue, J. (2015), in G. Marcus and J. Freeman (eds.), The Future of the Brain
:Essays by the World’s Leading Neuroscientists (Oxford: Princeton University Press), pp. 219–33.
1700677156
1700677157
[111] Hochberg, L., et al. (2012), Nature 485: 372–5.
1700677158
1700677159
[112] https://tinyurl.com/Cathy-coffee.
1700677160
1700677161
[113] Ajiboye, A., et al. (2017), The Lancet 389: 1821–30.
1700677162
1700677163
[114] George, J., et al. (2019) Science Robotics 4: eaax2352.
1700677164
1700677165
[115] Penaloza, C. and Nishio, S. (2018), Science Robotics 3: eaat1228.
1700677166
1700677167
[116] Dobelle, W. (2000), ASAIO Journal 46: 3–9.
1700677168
1700677169
[117] Akbari, H., et al. (2019), Scientific Reports 9: 874; Anumanchipalli, G., et al. (2019), Nature 568: 493–8.
1700677170
1700677171
[118] Gilbert, F., et al. (2019), Science and Engineering Ethics 25: 83–96, pp. 87–8.
1700677172
1700677173
1700677174
1700677175
1700677177
大脑传 第13章 化学:1950年至今
1700677178
1700677179
1943年4月19日,在巴塞尔山德士制药公司工作的瑞士化学家阿尔伯特·霍夫曼(Albert Hofmann)下班后正骑自行车回家。情况不太对劲。他后来回忆道:“我视野中的一切都在摇摆、扭动,就像从一面曲面镜里看到的那样。”在回到住所后,他经历了强烈的焦虑感,最终这演变成了一种非常奇怪的感觉:“千变万化的奇妙图像向我袭来,它们不断变换、色彩斑驳、以圆圈和螺旋的形状开开合合、喷涌成彩色的喷泉,在不断的流变中重排和混合。”[1] 在踏上自行车回家前,霍夫曼服用了很多他在5年前合成的一种看似无害的化学物质——LSD[2] 。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70067713e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]