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[3] Sporns, O. (2015), in G. Marcus and J. Freeman (eds.), The Future of the Brain
:Essays by the World’s Leading Neuroscientists (Oxford: Princeton University Press), pp. 90–99, p. 95.
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[4] Science, 27 October 2017.
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[5] 这些引述来自Frégnac (2017), pp. 471, 472。
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[6] Churchland, P. and Sejnowski, T. (1992), The Computational Brain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), p. 413.
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[7] Churchland and Abbott (2016), p. 346.
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[8] Pagán, O. (2019), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374: 20180383.
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[9] Ballard, D. (2015), Brain Computation as Hierarchical Abstraction (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press); Borthakur, A. and Cleland, T. (2019), Frontiers in Neuroscience 13
:656.
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[10] Churchland and Abbott (2016), p. 349.
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[11] Abraham (2016), pp. 146–7.
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[12] Brette, R. (2019), Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42: e15.同一期上还有对这篇论文的评论。
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[13] Barlow, H. (1961), in W. Rosenblith (ed.), Sensory Communication (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 217–34. 布雷特给出的数字是15000。他的资料来自谷歌学术搜索，我的资料来自知识网平台（Web of Knowledge）。我自己的研究论文采用编码隐喻来探讨果蝇幼虫嗅觉系统的神经元如何对气味做出反应，例如：Hoare, D., et al. (2008), Journal of Neuroscience 28: 9710–22; Grillet, M., et al. (2016), Proceedings of the Royal Society B 283: 20160665。
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[14] Freeman, W. and Skarda, C. (1990), in J. McGaugh, et al. (eds.) Third Conference, Brain Organization and Memory: Cells, Systems and Circuits (New York: Guilford Press), pp. 375–80.
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[15] Buzsáki, G. (2019), The Brain from Inside Out (New York: Oxford University Press).
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[16] Arbib, M. (1972), The Metaphorical Brain (London: Wiley); Arbib, M. (1989), The Metaphorical Brain 2 (London: Wiley); Keller, E. (1995), Refiguring Life: Metaphors of Twentieth Century Biology (New York: Columbia University Press); Brown, T. (2003), Making Truth: Metaphor in Science (Chicago: University of Illinois Press);Reynolds, A. (2018), The Third Lens: Metaphor and the Creation of Modern Cell Biology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press); Nicholson, D. (2019), Journal of Theoretical Biology 477: 108–26; Olson, M., et al. (2019), Trends in Ecology and Evolution 34: 605–15.
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[17] 作者此处的“树突连接”事实上指的就是一个神经元的轴突与另一个神经元的树突形成的突触。——译者注
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[18] Kriegeskorte, N. and Diedrichsen, J. (2019), Annual Review of Neuroscience 42
:407–32.
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[19] Cazé, R., et al. (2013), PLoS Computational Biology 9: e1002867; https://tinyurl. com/Humphries-blog.
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[20] Gregory (1981), p. 187.
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[21] Turkheimer, F. (2019), Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 99: 3–10.
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[22] Daugman, J. (1990), in E. Schwartz (ed.), Computational Neuroscience (London
:MIT Press), pp. 9–18; Gigerenzer, G. and Goldstein, D. (1996), Creativity Research Journal 9: 131–44; Kirkland (2002); Borck (2012); Abrahams, N. (2018), Humanity Journal 8, https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/hass/index.php/humanity/article/download/49/53; Borck, C. (2012), in S. Choudhury and J. Slaby (eds.), Critical Neuroscience: A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience (London: Blackwell), pp. 113–33.
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[23] 过度热情地应用最新的技术来解释脑存在风险，这一点可以从卡尔·普里布拉姆（Karl Pribram）的观点中看出来。他在20世纪六七十年代的一系列文章中提出：“除了其他东西外，脑可能还会利用到当前已知最复杂的信息存储原理——全息图原理。”然而情况并非如此。见：Pribram,K. (1969), Scientific American 220(1)
:73–86。
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[24] Brooks, R. (2015), in J. Brockman (ed.), This Idea Must Die: Scientific Theories That Are Blocking Progress (New York: HarperPerennial), pp. 295–8; Johansson, S. (1993), in H. Haken, et al. (eds.), The Machine as Metaphor and Tool (Berlin: Springer-Verlag), pp. 9–44, p. 38.
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[25] Carandini, M. (2015), in G. Marcus and J. Freeman (eds.), The Future of the Brain
:Essays by the World’s Leading Neuroscientists (Oxford: Princeton University Press), pp. 177–85, p. 179; Marcus (2015), p. 210.
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[26] Crick (1989), p. 132. 克里克引用了Churchland and Sejnowski (1988)作为这个观点的起源，但我没有找到他们做出过这样的比较。Brown, J. (2014), Frontiers in Neuroscience 8: 349.
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[27] Jonas, E. and Kording, K. (2017), PLoS Computational Biology 13: e1005268, pp. 1, 18.
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