1700687080
33 Greenfield, S. A.&Collins, T.F.T.‘A neuroscientifc approach to consciousness’.Progress in Brain Research ，150，11-23（2005）.
1700687081
1700687082
34 Collins, T. F.T.et al.‘Dynamics of neuronal assemblies are modulated by an-aesthetics but not analgesics’.European Journal of Anaesthesiology ，24，609-14（2007）.
1700687083
1700687084
35 Blumenfeld, H.‘Consciousness and epilepsy：why are patients with absence seizures absent?’Progress in Brain Research ，150，271-86（2005）；另请参阅Pen-feld, W.&Jasper, H.Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain （Little, Brown&Co.，1954）.
1700687085
1700687086
36 Davies, D. L.&Alkana, R.L.‘Benzodiazepine agonist and inverse agonist coupling in GABAA receptors antagonized by increased atmospheric pressure’.European Journal of Pharmacology ，469，37-45（2003）；另请参阅Johnson, F.H.&Flagler, E.A.‘Hydrostatic pressure reversal of narcosis in tadpoles’.Science ，112，91-2（1950）；以及Johnson, F.H.&Flagler, E.A.‘Activity of narcotized amphibian larvae under hydrostatic pressure’.Journal of Cellular Physiology ，37，15-25（1951）.
1700687087
1700687088
37 Wlodarczyk, A.，McMillan, P. F.&Greenfield, S.A.‘High pressure effects in anaesthesia and narcosis’.Chemical Society Reviews ，35，890-8（2006）.
1700687089
1700687090
38 高压也可能在单细胞水平上逆转麻醉。原来的一些压力逆转的工作是由在60年代末和70年代初David White和G.H.Hulands用单细胞做的。White, D.C.&Halsey, M.J.‘Effects of changes in temperature and pressure during ex-perimental anaesthesia’.British Journal of Anaesthesia，46，196-201（1974）.
1700687091
1700687092
39 由于意识没有特定的脑区，同时传统脑成像麻醉后大脑整体活动减少，因此海马至今一直是大脑能够观察的神经元集合的代表部分。尽管如此，当研究人员搜寻相关的候选脑区时，它从来都不是真正的解剖学层面最小的部分。与此相反，丘脑-皮层环路就是这样的电路，即使我们还没有令人满意地解释，它如何或为什么在意识中发挥特殊的作用。尽管如此，如果我们从探索孤立的脑区扩展到相互连接的脑区来看，它确实是一个显而易见的大脑回路。Alkire et al.，1999.
1700687093
1700687094
40 Wlodarczyk, McMillan&Greenfield，2006.
1700687095
1700687096
41 Devonshire et al.，2010.
1700687097
1700687098
42 Collins et al.，2007.
1700687099
1700687100
43 Wlodarczyk, McMillan&Greenfield，2006.
1700687101
1700687102
44 Devonshire et al.，2010.
1700687103
1700687104
45 同上。
1700687105
1700687106
46 Bryan, A. et al.‘Functional electrical impedance tomography by evoked response：a new device for the study of human brain function during anaesthesia’.Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society Meeting ，428-9（2010）.
1700687107
1700687108
47 同上。
1700687109
1700687110
48 Blundon, J. A.&Zakharenko, S.S.‘Dissecting the components of long-term potentiation’.Neuroscientist ，14，598-608（2008）.
1700687111
1700687112
第三章 遛狗
1700687113
1700687114
1 Loh, K. K.&Kanai, R.‘Higher media multi-tasking activity is associated with smaller gray-matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex’.PLoS One ，9，e106698（2014）.
1700687115
1700687116
2 Schaefer, S. et al.‘Cognitive performance is improved while walking：differences in cognitive-sensorimotor couplings between children and young adults’.European Journal of Developmental Psychology ，7，371-89（2010）.
1700687117
1700687118
3 Berman, M. G.，Jonides, J.&Kaplan, S.‘The cognitive benefts of interacting with nature’.Psychological Science ，19，1207-12（2008）.
1700687119
1700687120
4 同上。
1700687121
1700687122
5 Atchley, R. A.，Strayer, D.L.&Atchley, P.‘Creativity in the wild：improving creative reasoning through immersion in natural settings’.PLoS One ，7，e51474（2012）.
1700687123
1700687124
6 Stourton, E.Diary of a Dog Walker：Time Spent Following a Lead .（Doubleday，2011）.
1700687125
1700687126
7 Wells, M. J.&Young, J.Z.‘The effect of splitting part of the brain or removal of the median inferior frontal lobe on touch learning in octopus’.Journal of Experimental Biology ，50，515-26（1969）；另请参阅Wells, M.J.&Young, J.Z.‘The median inferior frontal lobe and touch learning in the octopus’.Journal of Experimental Biology ，56，381-402（1972）.
1700687127
1700687128
8 Sutherland, N. S.‘Shape discrimination in rat, octopus and goldfsh：a comparative study’.Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology ，67，160-76（1969）.
1700687129
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70068708e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]