1700687260
10 Liotta, A. et al.‘Partial disinhibition is required for transition of stimulus-induced sharp wave-ripple complexes into recurrent epileptiform discharges in rat hippocampal slices’.Journal of Neurophysiology ,105,172-87(2011).
1700687261
1700687262
11 Rockel, A. J.,Hiorns, R.W.&Powell, T.P.‘The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex’.Brain ,103,221-44(1980).另一方面,有些人可能认为,皮层类似饼干模具的细胞结构不是一成不变的,可以用视觉和听觉通路的各种解剖学差异来说明。从成像数据来看,输入听觉信息时形成的分布模式可能与视觉皮层非常不同。例如,听觉皮层通常接收两只耳朵的信息输入,从皮层之下的脑区传入进来,而视觉皮层只接收两个视觉半区的信息输入。此外,从皮层下中继站(丘脑)到视皮层的主要输入,通常终止于皮层中的某一层(第四层),而在听觉皮层,一些丘脑输入分布更广(延伸到第三层),而另一些则在其他地方终止(第一层)。LeVay, S.&Gilbert, C.D.‘Laminar patterns of geniculocortical projection in the cat’.Brain Research ,113(1),1-19(1976).Smith, P.H.&Populin, L.C.‘Fundamental differences between the thalamocortical recipient layers of the cat auditory and visual cortices’.Journal of Comparative Neurology ,436(4),508-19(2001).Huang, C.L.&Winer, J.A.‘Auditory thalamocortical projections in the cat:laminar and areal patterns of input’.Journal of Comparative Neurology ,427(2),302-31(2000).
1700687263
1700687264
12 Libet, B.Mind Time:Tee Temporal Factor in Consciousness .(Harvard University Press,2004).
1700687265
1700687266
13 VanRullen, R.&Thorpe, S. J.‘The time course of visual processing:from early perception to decision-making’.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ,13,454-61(2001).
1700687267
1700687268
14 Libet,2004.
1700687269
1700687270
15 Chakraborty, S.,Sandberg, A.&Greenfield, S. A.‘Differential dynamics of transient neuronal assemblies in visual compared to auditory cortex’.Experimental Brain Research ,182,491-8(2007).
1700687271
1700687272
16 Crick, F.&Koch, C.‘A framework for consciousness’.Nature Neuroscience ,6,119-26(2003).
1700687273
1700687274
17 Dunn, R.&Dunn, K.Teaching Students through Their Individual Learning Styles:A Practical Approach .(Prentice Hall,1978).
1700687275
1700687276
18 Pashler, H. et al.‘Learning Styles:Concepts and Evidence’.Psychological Science in the Public Interest ,9,105-119(2009).
1700687277
1700687278
19 Dehaene, S. et al.‘Arithmetic and the brain’.Current Opinions in Neurobiology ,14,218-24(2004).
1700687279
1700687280
20 Grady, D.‘The vision thing:mainly in the brain’. Discover(http://discover-magazine.com/1993/jun/thevisionthingma227).相似地,参见Nikos Logo-thetis的网站:http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/research/dep/lo/visual-per-ception.html
1700687281
1700687282
21 Jones, B.‘Spatial perception in the blind’.British Journal of Psychology ,66,461-72(1975).
1700687283
1700687284
22 Calvert, G. A.,Campbell, R.&Brammer, M.J.‘Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging of crossmodal binding in the human heteromodal cortex’.Current Biology ,10,649-57(2000).
1700687285
1700687286
23 Risberg, A.&Lubker, J.‘Prosody and speech-reading’inSTL Quarterly Progress and Status Report ,4,1-16(1978).这种实验感官协同作用表现地更明显,在对猴子的一项侵入性研究中,感官统合的过程无需归于经典的“皮质组织”(更“高级”的脑区与特定的感觉模式不直接相关)。相反,早期的多感官影响能够增强神经元负载的信息。虽然五官信息仍然是可识别的,但它们会相互作用,让事情更加复杂化,根据相关神经元如何相互连接,可能产生不同的净效应。
1700687287
1700687288
24 Kayser, C.,Petkov, C. I.&Logothetis, N.K.‘Multisensory interactions in primate auditory cortex:fMRI and electrophysiology’.Hearing Research ,258,80-8(2009).
1700687289
1700687290
25 Geake, J. Ch.2,pp.10-17 inCompanion to Gifted Education (eds.Balchin, T.&Hymer, B.)(Routledge,2008).
1700687291
1700687292
26 Bakalar, N.‘Sensory science:partners in flavour’.Nature ,486,S4-5(2012).
1700687293
1700687294
27 Small, D. M.‘How does food’s appearance or smell influence the way it tastes?’Scientific American ,299,100(2008).
1700687295
1700687296
28 Stevenson, R. J.,Prescott, J.&Boakes, R.A.‘Confusing tastes and smells:how odours can influence the perception of sweet and sour tastes’.Chemical Senses ,24,627-35(1999).
1700687297
1700687298
29 Spence, C.&Piqueras-Fiszman, B.Tee Perfect Meal:Tee Multisensory Science of Food and Dining .(Wiley,2014).
1700687299
1700687300
30 Gal, D.,Wheeler, S. C.&Shiv, B.‘Cross-modal influences on gustatory perception’.(2007).
1700687301
1700687302
31 Harrar, V.&Spence, C.‘The taste of cutlery:how the taste of food is affected by the weight, size, shape and colour of the cutlery used to eat it’.Flavour ,2,21(2013).
1700687303
1700687304
32 Spence, C.‘Auditory contributions to flavour perception and feeding behaviour’.Physiology and Behavior ,107,505-15(2012).
1700687305
1700687306
33 Chen, J.&Eaton, L.‘Multimodal mechanisms of food creaminess sensation’.Food and Function ,3,1265-70(2012);see also Green, B. G.&Nachtigal, D.‘Somatosensory factors in taste perception:effects of active tasting and solution temperature’.Physiology and Behavior ,107,488-95(2012).
1700687307
1700687308
34 Harrar&Spence,2013.
1700687309
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70068726e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]