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(11)Standard & Poor，GICS Sub-Industry Revenue Share.，September 4, 2004.
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(12)National Association of Chain Drug Stores，Community Retail Pharmacy Outlets by Type of Stores，1997—2007，http://www.nacds.org/wmspage.cfm?parm1=506，accessed on August 17, 2009.
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(13)Number of stores statistics are from company profile information on their official web sites.
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(14)Atlantic Information Services，A Guide to Drug Cost Management Strategies，2ndEdition（2004），Fig 12.13.
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(15)Congressional Budget Office，Prices for Brand Name Drugs Under Selected Federal Programs，2005.
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(16)US General Accounting Office，Prescription Drugs：Companies Typically Charge More in the United States Than in Canada. GAO/HRD—92—110. Washington，1992. 37p.
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(17)Jack Hoadley，How Can We Tell Drug Prices Are Too High？，May 2009，http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/71/002/Hoadley.pdf，Accessed on August 21，2009.
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(18)Gagnon M-A，Lexchin J（2008）“The Cost of Pushing Pills：A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the United States”，PLoS Med 5（1）：el.doi：10.1371/journal.pmed.0050001. All following drug promotion expenditure figures are cited from this study.
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(19)Robert Ebisch, Prescription for Change，March 2005，http://www.teradata.com/td/page/131951，accessed on August 19，2009.
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(20)Jonathan Saltzman，Bristol-Myers Squibb to pay$ 515 million for doctor kickback scheme，Boston Globe，September 28，2007.
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(21)Devlin Barrett，Pfizer to pay record$ 2.3B penalty for drug promos，Associated Press，September 2, 2009.
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(22)Section 505（j）（4）（A）of the 1938 Federal Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act（21 USC351）.
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(23)Section 501（B）of the 1938 Federal Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act（21 USC351）.
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(24)Friedman，Milton & Rose，Free to Choose. New York：Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1979. ISBN 0—15—133481—1.
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(25)Institute of Medicine，Challenges for the FDA：The Future of Drug Safety，The National Academies Press，2007.
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(26)Donald G. McNeil，Jr.，“India Alters Law On Drug Patents”，The New York Times，March 24，2005.
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(27)Supreme Court of the United States，WYETH v. LEVINE, CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF VERMONT，No. 06—1249. Argued November 3, 2008—Decided March 4, 2009.
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(28)Marcia Angell，“The Truth About the Drug Companies”，The New York Review of Books，Volume 51，Number 12，July 15, 2004.
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(29)Kurt Sammson，“Senate Probe Seeks Industry Payment Data On Individual Academic Researchers”. Annals of neurology：A7，December 2008.
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(30)Marcia Angell，“Drug Companies and Doctors：A Story of Corruption”，The New York Review of Books，Volume 56，Number 1，January 15, 2009
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(31)Erick H. Turner et al., “Selective Publication of Antidepressant Trials and Its Influence on Apparent Efficacy，”The New England Journal of Medicine，January 17，2008.
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(32)Gardiner Harris，Pfizer to Pay$ 430 Million Over Promoting Drug to Doctors，New York Times，May 14，2004.
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揭秘美国医疗制度及其相关行业 第十一章 医疗器械产业
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