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[92]见E.Peik et al.,“Limit on the Present Temporal Variation of the Fine Structure constant,”Phys.Rev.Lett,93(17):170801(2004)和R.Srianand et al.,“Limits on the Time Variation of the Electromagnetic Fine Structure Constant in the Low Energy Limit from Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Distant Quasars,”Phys.Rev.Lett.,92(12):121302(2004).
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[93]K.Greisen,“End to the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum?”Phys.Rev.Lett.,16(17):748~750(1966)and G.T.Zatsepin and V.A.Kuzmin,“Upper Limit of the Spectrum of Cosmic Rays,”JETP Letters,4:78~80(1966).
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[94]S.Coleman and S.L.Glashow,“Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Tests of Special Rela-tivity,”Phys.Rev.B,405:249~252(1997);Coleman and Glashow,“Evading the GZK Cosmic-Ray Cutoff,”hep-ph/9808466.
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[95]G.Amelino-Camelia,“Testable Scenario for Relativity with Minimum-Length,”hep-th/0012238.
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[96]JoaoMagueijo, FasterThantheSpeedofLight:TheStoryofaScientiacSpeculation,(NweYork:PerseusBooks,2003).(有中译本,赵文译,湖南科学技术出版社,2005——译者)
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[97]Vladimir Fock, The Theory of Space, Time, and Gravitation(London:Pergamon Press,1959).
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[98]平钦(1937~)是美国小说家,《引力之虹》是他1973年的作品。从DSR导出的时空度规不是唯一的,而是与能量有关的一族度规,犹如彩虹是不同能量的一族光线,所以叫“虹度规”。而在广义相对论中,度规就是引力,所以理论得了这个美丽动听的名字。参看作者的同名文章:JoāoMagueijoandLeeSmolin,“Gravitys Rainbow,”gr-qc/0305055.——译者
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[99]L.Friedel, J.Kowalski-Glikman, and L.smolin,“2+1 Gravity and Doubly Special Relativity,”Phys.Rev.D.,69:044001(2004).
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[100]E.Livine and L.Friedel,“Ponzano-Regge Model Revisited Ⅲ:Feynman Dia-grams and Effective Field Theory,”hep-th/0502106;Class.Quant.Grav.,23:2021~2062(2006).
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[101]Florian Girelli and Etera R.Livine,“Physics of Deformed Special Relativity,”gr-qc/0412079.
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[102]A.Ashtekar,“New Variasbles for Classical and Quantum Gravity,”Phys.Rev.Lett,57(18):2244~2247(1986).
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[103]http://online.kitp.ucsb edu/online/kitp 25/witten/oh/10.html.
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[104]这并不总是普遍相信的;坚持因果性作用的主要人物有RogerPenrose, Rafael Sorkin, FayDowker和FotiniMarkopoulou。
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[105]见,例如RLoll, J.Ambjørn, andJ.Jurkiewicz,“TheUniversefromScratch,”hep-th/0509010.
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[106]富勒是20世纪罕见的通才,是哲学家、思想家、幻想家、发明家、建筑师、工程师、数学家、诗人、宇宙学家等。当然,他最为大众熟悉的成就还是由基本三角形构成的多面体(或球形)的穹隆结构(C60具有类似穹隆的结构,因而叫富勒烯)。——译者
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[107]见,例如Alain Connes, Noncommutative Geometry(San Diego:Academic Press,1994).
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[108]O.Dreyer,“Background-Independent Quantum Field Theory and the Cosmological Constant Problem,”he-p-th/0409048
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[109]见,例如,C.Rovelli,“Graviton Propagator from Background-Independent Quan-tum Gravity,”gr-qc/0508124.
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[110]s.Hofmann and O.Winkler,“The Spectrum of Fluctuations in Singularity-free Inflationary Quantum Cosmology,”astro-ph/0411124.
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[111]F.Markopoulou,“Towards gravity from quantum,”hep-hp/0604120.
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[112]s.O.Bilson-Thompson,“A Topological Model of Composite Preons,”hep-ph/0503213.
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[113]S.O.Bilson-Thompson, F.Markopoulou, and L.Smolin,“Quantum Gravitv and the Standard Model,”hep-ht/0603022.
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[114]讲座的录音可以听http://www.Perimeterinstitute-.ca/activities/scientiac/cws/evolving_laws/.
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[115]www.cosmicvanance.com/2005/11/18/a-particle-physicists-perspective.
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[116]一个不知名者的帖子,见2004年12月9日http://groups.goodle.com/group/sci.physics.strings/.
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