1700946241
1700946242
[138]例如见Karl Popper, The Logic of ScientificDiscovery(New York:Routledge,2002).
1700946243
1700946244
[139]ThomasS.Kuhn, TheStructureof ScientificRevolutions(Chicago:Univ.ofChicago Press,1962).
1700946245
1700946246
[140]ImreLakatos, ProofsandRefutations(Cambridge, U.K.:CambridgeUniv.Press,1976).
1700946247
1700946248
[141]苏斯金在为人存原理辩护时就称它的批评者为Popperazzi,因为他们需要借助某些证伪方法。但认同批评波普尔将证伪作为科学过程的唯一要素是一回事,而宣扬在科学基础上接受一个没有唯一确定的可以证伪或证实的预言的理论,则是另一回事。在这方面,我很自豪自己是波普尔的信徒。
1700946249
1700946250
[142]Alexander Marshack, The Roots of Civilization:The Cognitive Beginnings ofMans First Art, Symbol, and Notation(New York:McGraw-Hill,1972).
1700946251
1700946252
[143]D.H.Wolpert and W.G.Macready, No Free Lunch Theorems for Search, Techni-cal Report, Santa Fe Institute, SFI-TR-95-02-010.
1700946253
1700946254
[144]Richard P.Feynman,“What is Science,”The Physics Teacher, Sept.1969.
1700946255
1700946256
[145]转引自Simon Singh,“Even Einstein Had His Off Days,”New York Times, Jan.2,2005.
1700946257
1700946258
[146]例如,见Mara Beller, Quantum Dialogue:The Making ofa Revolution(Chicago:Univ.of Chicago Press,1999).
1700946259
1700946260
[147]Thomas S.Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions(Chicago:Univ.of Chicago Press,1962).
1700946261
1700946262
[148]爱因斯坦1944年12月7日给RA.Thorton的信,未发表,耶路撒冷希伯来大学爱因斯坦档案(EA6-574)引自DonHoward,“AlbertEinsteinasaPhillosopherof Science,”PhysicsToday, Dec.2005
1700946263
1700946264
[149]T.Jacobson and L.Smolin,“Nonperturbative Quantum Geometries,”Nucl.Phys.B,299:295~345(1988).
1700946265
1700946266
[150]例如,见L.Crane,“Clock and Category:Is Quantum C-avity Algebraic?”gr-qc/9504038;J.Math.Phys.,36:6180~6193(1995).
1700946267
1700946268
[151]例如,见F.Markopoulou,“An Insiders Guide to Quantum Causal Histories,”hep-th/9912137;Nucl.Phys.B, Proc.Supp.,88(1):308~313(2000).
1700946269
1700946270
[152]Seth Lloyd, Programming the Universe:A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes on the Cosmos(New York:Alfred A.Knopf,2006).
1700946271
1700946272
[153]我要再次强调,我说的只是那些经过了良好训练,拿到了博士学位的人,而不管那些不了解科学是什么的人或科学骗子。
1700946273
1700946274
[154]L.Smolin,“On the Nature of Quantum Fluctuations and Their Relation to Gravita-tion and the Principle of Inertia,”Glass.Quant.Grav.,3:347~359(1986).
1700946275
1700946276
[155]Julian Barbour, The End of Time:The Next Revolution in Physics(New York:Ox-ford Univ.Press,2001).
1700946277
1700946278
[156]D.Finkelstein,“Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Parti-cle,”Phys.Rev.,110:965~967(1958).
1700946279
1700946280
[157]Antony Valentini, Pilot-Wave Theory of Physics and Cosmology(Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge Univ.Press, in press).
1700946281
1700946282
[158]下面国家科学基金会(NSF)1995年给NotreDame大学物理学家JamesCush-ig的一封信的部分内容,信中拒绝了他支持量子理论基础研究的建议:这里考虑的问题,即量子力学的哥本哈根诠释与因果的[玻姆]诠释的争论,已经讨论过多年,而在NSF物理学部看来,问题已经解决了。因果解释与证明贝尔不等式的实验不一致。因此……资助……这个领域的研究项目是不明智的。这封信值得注意的地方是,它犯了一个基本的错误,因为那时专家们已经明白因果解释完全符合检验贝尔不等式的实验。顺便说一句,Cushing在将兴趣转向量子理论基础之前是一个成功的粒子物理学家,但NSF还是砍掉了他的资助。
1700946283
1700946284
[159]D.Deutsch, Proc.Roy.Soc.A,400:97~117(1985).
1700946285
1700946286
[160]David Deutsch, The Fabric of Reality:The Science of Parallel Universes and Its Im-plications(London:Penguin,1997).
1700946287
1700946288
[161]P.W.Shor,“Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Log-anthms on a Quantum Computer,”quant-ph/9502807.
1700946289
1700946290
[162]A.Valentini,“Extreme Test of Quantum Theory with Black Holes,”astroph/041250s.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.700946241e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]