打字猴:1.70094624e+09
1700946240 [137]见Paul Feyerabend, Killing Time:The Autobiography of Paul Feyerabend(Chica-go:Univ.of Chicago Press,1996).
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1700946242 [138]例如见Karl Popper, The Logic of ScientificDiscovery(New York:Routledge,2002).
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1700946244 [139]ThomasS.Kuhn, TheStructureof ScientificRevolutions(Chicago:Univ.ofChicago Press,1962).
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1700946246 [140]ImreLakatos, ProofsandRefutations(Cambridge, U.K.:CambridgeUniv.Press,1976).
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1700946248 [141]苏斯金在为人存原理辩护时就称它的批评者为Popperazzi,因为他们需要借助某些证伪方法。但认同批评波普尔将证伪作为科学过程的唯一要素是一回事,而宣扬在科学基础上接受一个没有唯一确定的可以证伪或证实的预言的理论,则是另一回事。在这方面,我很自豪自己是波普尔的信徒。
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1700946250 [142]Alexander Marshack, The Roots of Civilization:The Cognitive Beginnings ofMans First Art, Symbol, and Notation(New York:McGraw-Hill,1972).
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1700946252 [143]D.H.Wolpert and W.G.Macready, No Free Lunch Theorems for Search, Techni-cal Report, Santa Fe Institute, SFI-TR-95-02-010.
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1700946254 [144]Richard P.Feynman,“What is Science,”The Physics Teacher, Sept.1969.
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1700946256 [145]转引自Simon Singh,“Even Einstein Had His Off Days,”New York Times, Jan.2,2005.
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1700946258 [146]例如,见Mara Beller, Quantum Dialogue:The Making ofa Revolution(Chicago:Univ.of Chicago Press,1999).
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1700946260 [147]Thomas S.Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions(Chicago:Univ.of Chicago Press,1962).
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1700946262 [148]爱因斯坦1944年12月7日给RA.Thorton的信,未发表,耶路撒冷希伯来大学爱因斯坦档案(EA6-574)引自DonHoward,“AlbertEinsteinasaPhillosopherof Science,”PhysicsToday, Dec.2005
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1700946264 [149]T.Jacobson and L.Smolin,“Nonperturbative Quantum Geometries,”Nucl.Phys.B,299:295~345(1988).
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1700946266 [150]例如,见L.Crane,“Clock and Category:Is Quantum C-avity Algebraic?”gr-qc/9504038;J.Math.Phys.,36:6180~6193(1995).
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1700946268 [151]例如,见F.Markopoulou,“An Insiders Guide to Quantum Causal Histories,”hep-th/9912137;Nucl.Phys.B, Proc.Supp.,88(1):308~313(2000).
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1700946270 [152]Seth Lloyd, Programming the Universe:A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes on the Cosmos(New York:Alfred A.Knopf,2006).
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1700946272 [153]我要再次强调,我说的只是那些经过了良好训练,拿到了博士学位的人,而不管那些不了解科学是什么的人或科学骗子。
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1700946274 [154]L.Smolin,“On the Nature of Quantum Fluctuations and Their Relation to Gravita-tion and the Principle of Inertia,”Glass.Quant.Grav.,3:347~359(1986).
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1700946276 [155]Julian Barbour, The End of Time:The Next Revolution in Physics(New York:Ox-ford Univ.Press,2001).
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1700946278 [156]D.Finkelstein,“Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Parti-cle,”Phys.Rev.,110:965~967(1958).
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1700946280 [157]Antony Valentini, Pilot-Wave Theory of Physics and Cosmology(Cambridge, U.K.:Cambridge Univ.Press, in press).
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1700946282 [158]下面国家科学基金会(NSF)1995年给NotreDame大学物理学家JamesCush-ig的一封信的部分内容,信中拒绝了他支持量子理论基础研究的建议:这里考虑的问题,即量子力学的哥本哈根诠释与因果的[玻姆]诠释的争论,已经讨论过多年,而在NSF物理学部看来,问题已经解决了。因果解释与证明贝尔不等式的实验不一致。因此……资助……这个领域的研究项目是不明智的。这封信值得注意的地方是,它犯了一个基本的错误,因为那时专家们已经明白因果解释完全符合检验贝尔不等式的实验。顺便说一句,Cushing在将兴趣转向量子理论基础之前是一个成功的粒子物理学家,但NSF还是砍掉了他的资助。
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1700946284 [159]D.Deutsch, Proc.Roy.Soc.A,400:97~117(1985).
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1700946286 [160]David Deutsch, The Fabric of Reality:The Science of Parallel Universes and Its Im-plications(London:Penguin,1997).
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1700946288 [161]P.W.Shor,“Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Log-anthms on a Quantum Computer,”quant-ph/9502807.
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