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10 .例如,参见Gopnik, Alison.The Philosophical Baby(Picador,2010)。
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04 物中之妙
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1 .Blackwell, Richard J.Galileo, Bellarmine, and the Bible(University of Notre Dame Press,1991).
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2 .Gerald Holton,“Johannes Kepler’s Universe:Its Physics and Metaphysics,”American Journal of Physics 24(May 1956):340-351.
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3 .Calvin, John.Institutes of Christian Religion, trans.by F.L.Battles in A Reformation Reader, Denis R.Janz, ed.(Minneapolis:Fortress Press,1999).
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05 谜般的梦幻之旅
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1 .Gamow, George.One, Two, Three……Infinity:Facts and Speculations of Science(Viking Adult, September 1947).
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06“眼见”为实
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1 .Feynman, Richard.The QED Lecture at University of Auckland(New Zealand,1979).See also:Richard Feynman Lectures, Proving the Obviously Untrue.
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2 .例子可见:Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb(Simon&Schuster,1986)。
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07 寻找宇宙的答案
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1 .Overbye, Dennis.“Collider Sets Record and Europe Takes U.S.Lead.”New York Times, December 9,2009.
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2 .1997 年,欧洲物理学会认可了罗伯特·布绕特(Robert Brout)、弗朗索瓦·恩格勒与彼得·希格斯三人的成就,3人再次于2004年获得沃尔夫物理学奖(Wolf Prize in Physics)。恩格勒、布绕特、希格斯、杰拉尔德·古拉尔尼克(Gerald Guralnik)、哈根(C.R.Hagen)、汤姆·基博尔(Tom Kibble)6人同时于2010年被美国物理学会授予了J.J.樱井理论粒子物理学奖(J.J.Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics)。不过在本书全书中,我会只提到希格斯玻色子与彼得·希格斯,因为我叙述的重点是物理机制而不是名人。当然,如果希格斯玻色子被发现了,最多只能有三人获得诺贝尔奖,所以排名问题很重要。对这种情况的概述请参考:Luis Álvarez-Gaumé and John Ellis,“Eyes on a Prize Particle,”Nature Physics 7(January 2011)。
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10 有黑洞,还是没黑洞
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1 .Physical Review D,035009(2008).
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2 .http://lsag.web.cern.ch/lsag/LSAG-Report.pdf.
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11 这是一项风险差事
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1 .例子可参见:Taibbi, Matt.“The Big Takeover:How Wall Street Insiders are Using the Bailout to Stage a Revolution,”Rolling Stone, March 2009。
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2 .这一点在一些著作中也有提及:J.D.Graham and J.B.Wiener, Risk vs.Risk:Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and Environment(Harvard University Press,1995),especially Chapter 11。
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3 .例子可参见:Slovic, Paul.“Perception of Risk,”Science 236,280-285,no.4799(1987).Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman,“Availability:A heuristic for judging frequency and probability,”Cognitive Psychology 5(1973):207-232.Sunstein, Cass R.,and Timur Kuran.“Availability Cascades and Risk Regulation,”Stanford Law Review 51(1999):683-768.Slovic, Paul“If I Look at the Mass I Will Never Act:Psychic Numbing and Genocide,”Judgment and Decision Making 2,no.2(2007):79-95。
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4 .例子可参见:Kousky, Carolyn, and Roger Cooke.The Unholy Trinity:Fat Tails, Tail Dependence, and Micro-Correlations, RFF Discussion Paper 09-36-REV(November 2009).Kunreuther, Howard, and M.Useem.Learning from Catastrophes:Strategies for Reaction and Response(Upper Saddle River, NJ:Wharton School Publishing).Kunreuther, Howard.Reflections and Guiding Principles for Dealing with Societal Risks, in The Irrational Economist:Overcoming Irrational Decisions in a Dangerous World, E.Michel-Kerjan and P.Slovic, eds.,New York Public Affairs Books 2010.Weitzman, Martin L.,On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change, Review of Economics and Statistics,2009。
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5 .例子可参见:Joe Nocera’s cover story on“Risk Mismanagement”in the New York Times Sunday Magazine, January 4,2009。
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6 .很多经济学家都讨论过这种不可替代性的问题,例如:Arrow, Kenneth J.,and Anthony C.Fisher,“Environmental Preservation, Uncertainty, and Irreversibility,”Quarterly Journal of Economics,88(1974):312-319.Gollier, Christian, and Nicolas Treich,“Decision Making under Uncertainty:The Economics of the Precautionary Principle,”Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 27,no.7(2003).Wiener, Jonathan B.“Global Environmental Regulation,”Yale Law Journal 108(1999):677-800。
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7 .E.g.,Richard Posner, Catastrophe:Risk and Response(Oxford University Press,2004).
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8 .Leonhardt, David.“The Fed Missed This Bubble:Will It See a New One?”New York Times, January 5,2010.
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