打字猴:1.701008895e+09
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1701008898 图7-13 Gamma分布
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1701008900 对比图7-12和图7-13可知,音乐就是数学的组合,我们听到的各种优美的声音,如果满足一定的数学模型,肯定是悦耳的,如果我们听到的声音源,不能用数学来解释,肯定是我们无法听到的或者是刺耳的音乐。
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1701008902 当考虑两个音各自陪音之间的协和程度之后,音程不协和程度曲线如图7-14所示。
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1701008907 图7-14 考虑陪音后的音程不协和程度
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1701008909 (2)平均律
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1701008911 大家知道七声调式中一个八度是7个基本音级、12个半音,2个半音等于一个全音。大调是“全全半全全全半”,小调是“全半全全半全全”。
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1701008914 在巴赫开始提倡现代普遍采用的十二平均律中,这12个半音是均匀分布的——从物理上讲,也就是半音阶中的音的频率形成一个等比数列。比如说C4是261.6Hz,C5是523.3Hz,而两者之间的11个音每个的频率是上一个的=1.0595倍——C4是261.6×1.0595=277.2Hz,D4是277.2×1.0595=293.7Hz,以此类推。
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1701008917 一个半音又可以分成100个音分(cent),差一个音分相当于频率差=1.00579倍。一个八度也就是1200个音分。普通人对音高的辨别阈大概是20音分(0.2个半音),而音乐家可以达到5音分(0.05个半音),不同音高下的辨别阈还有所不同。
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1701008922 协和音程要求音阶中各个音的频率成简单整数比,而平均律要求音阶在1和2之间构成等比数列,也即各个音的频率比需要表示为(m为两个音的间隔数,n为一个八度音阶的全部音数)。也就是说,音程如果既要协和又要符合平均律的话,就必须有。
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1701008926 但这里就产生了矛盾:是有理数,而2m/n在m非n整数倍的情况下是无理数,两者没法相等。考虑到人耳允许有一定的误差,也就是说。
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1701008928 (3)《最炫民族风》歌曲
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1701008930 一首《最炫民族风》歌曲设计如下:
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1701008932     %最炫民族风    clc,clear,close all          %清屏和清除变量    warning off                  %消除警告    fs = 44100;                  %采样率    dt = 1/fs;                   %采样时间    T16 = 0.125;    t16 = [0:dt:T16];    [temp k] = size(t16);    t4 = linspace(0,4*T16,4*k);    %等分区间    t8 = linspace(0,2*T16,2*k);    %等分区间    [temp i] = size(t4);           %矩阵行、列提取    [temp j] = size(t8);           %矩阵行、列提取              %Modification functions     mod4=(t4.^4).*exp(-30*(t4.^0.5));     mod4=mod4*(1/max(mod4));     mod8=(t8.^4).*exp(-50*(t8.^0.5));     mod8=mod8*(1/max(mod8));     mod16=(t16.^4).*exp(-90*(t16.^0.5));     mod16=mod16*(1/max(mod16));               f0 = 2*146.8;                  %参考频率               ScaleTable = [2/3 3/4 5/6 15/16 …     1 9/8 5/4 4/3 3/2 5/3 9/5 15/8 …     2 9/4 5/2 8/3 3 10/3 15/4 4 …     1/2 9/16 5/8];               %1/4 notes     do0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(21)*f0*t4);     re0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(22)*f0*t4);     mi0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(23)*f0*t4);                  fa0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(1)*f0*t4);     so0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(2)*f0*t4);     la0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(3)*f0*t4);     ti0f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(4)*f0*t4);     do1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(5)*f0*t4);     re1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(6)*f0*t4);     mi1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(7)*f0*t4);     fa1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(8)*f0*t4);     so1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(9)*f0*t4);     la1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(10)*f0*t4);     tb1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(11)*f0*t4);     ti1f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(12)*f0*t4);     do2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(13)*f0*t4);     re2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(14)*f0*t4);     mi2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(15)*f0*t4);     fa2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(16)*f0*t4);     so2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(17)*f0*t4);     la2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(18)*f0*t4);     ti2f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(19)*f0*t4);     do3f = mod4.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(20)*f0*t4);     blkf = zeros(1,i);                  %1/8 notes     do0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(21)*f0*t8);     re0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(22)*f0*t8);     mi0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(23)*f0*t8);                  fa0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(1)*f0*t8);     so0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(2)*f0*t8);     la0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(3)*f0*t8);     ti0e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(4)*f0*t8);     do1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(5)*f0*t8);     re1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(6)*f0*t8);     mi1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(7)*f0*t8);     fa1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(8)*f0*t8);     so1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(9)*f0*t8);     la1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(10)*f0*t8);     tb1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(11)*f0*t8);     ti1e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(12)*f0*t8);     do2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(13)*f0*t8);     re2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(14)*f0*t8);     mi2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(15)*f0*t8);     fa2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(16)*f0*t8);     so2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(17)*f0*t8);     la2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(18)*f0*t8);     ti2e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(19)*f0*t8);     do3e = mod8.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(20)*f0*t8);     blke = zeros(1,j);                  %1/16 notes     do0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(21)*f0*t16);     re0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(22)*f0*t16);     mi0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(23)*f0*t16);                  fa0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(1)*f0*t16);     so0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(2)*f0*t16);     la0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(3)*f0*t16);     ti0s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(4)*f0*t16);     do1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(5)*f0*t16);     re1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(6)*f0*t16);     mi1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(7)*f0*t16);     fa1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(8)*f0*t16);     so1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(9)*f0*t16);     la1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(10)*f0*t16);     tb1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(11)*f0*t16);     ti1s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(12)*f0*t16);     do2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(13)*f0*t16);     re2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(14)*f0*t16);     mi2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(15)*f0*t16);     fa2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(16)*f0*t16);     so2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(17)*f0*t16);     la2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(18)*f0*t16);     ti2s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(19)*f0*t16);     do3s = mod16.*cos(2*pi*ScaleTable(20)*f0*t16);     blks = zeros(1,k);            part0 = [mi1f la0e la0e do1f mi1f …     re1e re1s mi1s re1e do1e re1e do1e la0f …     mi1f la0e la0e do1f mi1f …     so1e re1s mi1s re1e do1e re1e do1e ti0e so0e …     mi1f la0e la0e do1f mi1f …     re1e re1s mi1s re1e do1e re1e do1e la0e so0e …     mi1f la0e la0e do1f mi1f …     so1e mi1e blkf blkf blkf ];                  part1 = [la0f la0e so0e la0f la0e do1e …     do1f re1e do1e la0f la0f …     do1f do1e so0e do1e re1e mi1e so1e …     so1e mi1e re1f mi1f mi1f …     la1e la1e la1e so1e mi1e mi1f do1e …     la0e la0e la0e mi1e re1s mi1s re1e re1f …     mi1e mi1e
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1701008934 运行程序,用户将听到《最炫民族风》歌曲。
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1701008936 音乐之所以和谐美妙,音乐就是一个数学的巧合,很大程度上得益于数学上的两个约等式同时成立:
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1701008938 2^(7/12)= 1.4983 ≈ 3/2,误差0.1%
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1701008940 2^(4/12)= 1.2599 ≈ 5/4,误差0.8%
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