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——. “Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason.” In Hutchins, 1952, pp. 41-68. Translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross.
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——. The Geometry of René Descartes with a facsimile of the first edition. Translated from French and Latin by David Eugene Smith and Marcia L. Latham. New York: Dover, 1954. (Orig. pub. 1925.)
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——. Oeuvres de Descartes, 2nd ed., 11 vols. Ed. Charles Adam and Paul Tannery. Paris: Paris Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1965-1973.
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——. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, trans. John Cottingham et al. 2 vols. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
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Gabbey, Alan. “Force and Inertia in the Seventeenth Century: Descartes and Newton.” Chapter 10 in Gaukroger, 1980, pp. 230-320 (especially part 2, pp. 243-72, re Descartes’ determinatio).
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Galison, Peter. “Descartes: An Intellectual Biography.” New Republic (May 13, 1996): 39-46. (Essay review of Descartes: An Intellectual Biography, by Stephen Gaukroger.)
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Gaukroger, Stephen. Descartes: An Intellectual Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Gaukroger, Stephen, ed. Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics. Totowa, NJ.: Barnes & Noble, 1980. Especially chapter 4, “Descartes’ Project for a Mathematical Physics,” pp. 97-140.
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Grosholz, Emily R. “Descartes’ Unification of Algebra and Geometry.” Chapter 6 in Gaukroger, 1980, pp. 156-68.
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Haldane, Elizabeth S. Descartes: His Life and Times. London: J. Murray, 1905.
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Hutchins, Robert Maynard, ed. Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza. 2nd ed. Vol. 28 of Great Books of the Western World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (Encyclopedia Britannica), 1990.
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Indorado, Luigi, and Pietro Nastasi. “The 1740 Resolution of the Fermat-Descartes Controversy.” Historia Mathematica 16 (1989): 137-48.
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Mahoney, Michael S. “The Beginnings of Algebraic Thought in the Seventeenth Century.” Chapter 5, in Gaukroger, 1980, pp. 141-55.
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——. “Descartes: Mathematics and Physics.” In Gillispie, vol. 4, 1971, pp. 55-61.
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——. “Fermat, Pierre de.” In Gillispie, vol. 4, 1971, pp. 566-76.
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——. The Mathematical Career of Pierre de Fermat, 1601-1665. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1994. (Orig. pub. 1973.)
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Pratter, Frederick. “Descartes: Philosophical Pioneer Biography Brings to Light Intellectual Life in 17th-Century Europe.” Review of Gaukroger, 1995. Christian Science Monitor (June 15, 1995): 13.
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Sabra, A. I. Theories of Light, from Descartes to Newton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. (Orig. pub. 1967.)
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Scott, J. F. The Scientific Work of René Descartes. London: Taylor & Francis, 1976. (Orig. pub. 1952.)
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Shea, William R. The Magic of Numbers and Motion: The Scientific Career of René Descartes. Canton, Mass.: Science History Publications, 1991.
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Singh, Simon. Fermat’s Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World’s Greatest Mathematical Problem. New York: Walker and Company, 1997.
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——. “Mathematicians, Romantic Heroes of the Past, Present and Future.” Undated, accessed December 13, 2003. www.simonsingh.net/Mathematical_Heroes.html.
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3. 牛顿VS莱布尼兹
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Andrade, E. N. da C. “Newton and the Science of His Age.” Nature 150 (December 19, 1942): 700-706.
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——. Sir Isaac Newton. London: Collins, 1954.
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