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[29] Jerome,Commentary on Isaiah 2.5,PL 24:79C.
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[30]Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum ,vol. 10,Inscriptiones,Bruttiorum,Lucaniae,Campaniae,Siciliae,Sardiniae Latinae ,ed. T. Mommsen (Berlin:G. Reimer,1883),no. 1194;Brown,Poverty and Leadership ,70-73.
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[31] R. MacMullen,“What Difference Did Christianity Make?” Historia 35 (1986):322-43,新的研究参见Changes in the Roman Empire ,142-53。
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[32] Y. Duval and L. Pietri,“Évergétisme et épigraphie dans l’Occident chrétien (IVe -VIe s.),” in Actes du XeCongrès international d’épigraphie grecque et chrétienne ,ed. M. Christol and O.Masson (Paris:Publications de la Sorbonne,1997),371-96 at p. 371.
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[33] Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values,and Religious Change ,10.
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[34]Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres ,no. 1062b.5-8.
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[35] J. Parry,“The Gift ,the Indian Gift and the ‘Indian Gift,’” Man ,n.s.,21 (1986):453-73 at p. 466.
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[36] M. Bloch and J. Parry,introduction to Money and the Morality of Exchange ,ed. Parry and Bloch (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989),1-32 at p. 2
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[37] Dante,Inferno 7.122,derived from Virgil,Aeneid 6.436.
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[38] S. Mrozek,“Les phénomènes économiques dans les métaphores de l’Antiquité tardive,” Eos 72 (1984):393-407.
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[39] G.A. Anderson,“Redeem Your Soul by the Giving of Alms:Sin,Debt and the ‘Treasury of Merit’ in Early Jewish and Christian Tradition,” Letter and Spirit 3 (2007):36-69;同一作者的 Sin:A History (New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,2009),135-51,164-88.
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[40] Augustine,Sermon 66.5;see R. Finn,Almsgiving in the Later Roman Empire:Christian Promotion and Practice,313-450 (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006),47.
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[41] Lepelley,Les cités de l’Afrique romaine ,2:347-352(在大莱普提斯相互竞争的家庭)。
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[42] 新的研究参见S. Giglio,“Il ‘munus’ della pretura a Roma e a Costantinopoli nel tardo impero romano,” Antiquité tardive 15 (2007):65-88。
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[43] C. Sotinel,“Le don chrétien et ses retombées sur l’économie dans l’Antiquité tardive,” Antiquité tardive 14 (2006):105-16 at p. 115,translated as “The Christian Gift and Its Economic Impact in Late Antiquity,” in Church and Society ,article IX.
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[44] J.P.Dolan,The Immigrant Church:New York’s Irish and German Catholics,1815-1865 (Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1975),165-67.
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[45] L.R.Iannacone,“Skewness Explained:A Rational Choice Model of Religious Giving,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 36 (1997):141-57.
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[46] 关于罗马的冠名教堂,新的研究参见Diefenbach,Römische Erinnerungsräume ,379-400。关于阿尔勒的君士坦提娅教堂(可能于5世纪20年代由军事长官以及后来的皇帝君士坦提乌斯修建),参见M. J. Heijmans,Arles durant l’Antiquité tardive:De la duplex Arelas à l’urbs Genesii , Collection de l’École française de Rome 324(Rome:École française de Rome,2004),193-94。关于445年署名参与重建纳博纳主方形教堂的平信徒恩主名单,特别参见H.-I. Marrou,“Le dossier épigraphique de l’évêque Rusticus de Narbonne,” Rivista di archeologia cristiana 3-4(1970):331-49。这个名单刻在大门的过梁上。关于兰斯,参见Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres ,no. 61[教堂由骑兵首领和执政官约维努斯(Jovinus)在367年修建,当时以他的名字命名]。关于安布罗斯在米兰私人建造的教堂(很快就以 “安布罗斯堂”闻名),参见McLynn,Ambrose of Milan ,209-11。
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[47] V.Fiocchi Nicolai,“Evergetismo ecclesiastico e laico nelle iscrizioni paleocristiane del Lazio,” in Historiam pictura refert:Miscellanea in onore di Padre Alejandro Recio Veganzones O.F.M. ,Studi di Antichità Cristiana 51 (Vatican:Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana,1994),237-52 at pp. 240-41.
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[48] G.Algazi,“Introduction:Doing Things with Gifts,” in Negotiating the Gift:Pre-Modern Figurations of Exchange ,ed. Algazi,V.Groebner,and B. Jussen (Göttingen:Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht,2003),9-27 at p. 10.
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[49]Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres ,no. 997;Finn,Almsgiving,198-201.
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[50] J. Kieschnick,The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture (Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003),211.
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[51] H.-I. Marrou,Saint Augustin et la fin de la culture antique:Retractatio ,Bibliothèque de l’École française d’Athènes et de Rome 145 (Paris:Boccard,1949),690. 新的研究参见中肯的评价J.-M. Carrié,“Nihil habens praeter quod ipso die vestiebatur :Comment définir le seuil de la pauvreté à Rome?” in Consuetudinis amor:Fragments d’histoire romaine (IIe-VIesiècles ) offerts à Jean-Pierre Callu ,ed. F. Chausson and É. Wolff (Rome:Bretschneider,2003),71-102 at pp. 77-84.
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