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[12] Augustine,Sermon 356.10.
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[13] 特别参见W. Klingshirn,Caesarius of Arles:The Making of a Christian Community in Late Antique Gaul (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994),72-82;Alciati,Monaci,vescovi e scuola ,147-76。
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[14] Julianus Pomerius,De vita contemplativa 2.9,PL 59:453C.
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[15] Julianus Pomerius,De vita contemplativa 2.9,PL 59:453B.
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[16] Julianus Pomerius,De vita contemplativa 2.9,PL 59:454A.
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[17] Y. Thomas,“La construction de l’unité civique:Choses publiques,choses communes et choses n’appartenant à personne et représentation,” Mélanges de l’école française de Rome:Moyen Age 114 (2002):7-39;H.R. Hagemann,Die Stellung der Piae Causae nach justinianischem Rechte ,Basler Studien zur Rechtsgeschichte 37 (Basel:Helbing and Lichtenhahn,1953),24,36;Marazzi,“Patrimonia Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae ,” 34;Hillner,“Families,Patronage and the Titular Churches of Rome,” 237-42.
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[18]Codex Theodosianus 16.2.4 (AD 321).特别参见Barnes,Constantine and Eusebius ,50。
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[19] S. Wood,The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West (Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006),730.
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[20] S. MacCormack,“Sin,Citizenship and the Salvation of Souls:The Impact of Christian Priorities on Late Roman and Post-Roman Society,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 39 (1997):644-73 at pp. 662-63.
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[21] Salvian,Ad Ecclesiam 4.4.21 and 7.3.5,Lagarrigue,pp. 324 and 332.
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[22]Cod. Iustinianianus 1.2.25.1 (530);比较Novella 131.9 (545)。参见Bruck,Kirchenväter und soziales Erbrecht ,120-22。
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[23] E.g.,Augustine,Tractatus in ev. Iohannis 6.24.
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[24] 参见Carrié清晰的论述:“Pratique et idéologie chrétiennes de l’économique”,尤其见于p.25。
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[25] Simplicius,Letter 1.1,ed. A. Thiel,Epistolae Romanorum pontificum genuinae (Braunsberg:E. Peter,1867;Hildesheim:G. Olms,1974),1:176. B. Bellomo,“Abusi nell’economia di carità,” in Poveri ammalati e ammalati poveri ,449-63 提供了更多的例子。
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[26] Agnellus,Liber pontificalis ecclesiae Ravennatensis 60,Nauerth,268-80,Deliyannis,173-77. 参见O.R. Borodin,“Ekonomicheskie protivorechiia v srede ravennskovo dukhenstva v VI-VIII vv.,” Vizantiǐskiǐ vremennik 56 (81) (1995):32-44 at pp. 33-36。
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[27] Pseudo-Jerome,De septem ordinibus ecclesiae ,PL 30:154B (Paris:J.-P. Migne,1846).
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[28] Bowes,Private Worship,Public Values,and Religious Change , 71论及这一问题上有一种永远存在的“潜在的紧张关系”。Religion,Dynasty and Patronage ,ed. Cooper and Hillner,考察了会引起这种紧张关系的更多情况。
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[29] H. Chadwick,Boethius:The Consolations of Music,Logic,Theology and Philosophy (Oxford:Clarendon Press,1981),37.
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[30] 有关罗马城情况的复杂性,现在特别参见Sardella,Società,chiesa e stato ,43-66,尤其是46n7(关于薪水提高三倍,只在一个版本的《教宗名录》中的西玛库斯传记里提到过);Diefenbach,Römische Erinnerungsräume ,404-32。
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[31] 两种权威性的考察,虽然它们主要基于东部的证据,参见Jones,The Later Roman Empire ,2:731-63;以及Liebeschuetz,The Decline and Fall of the Roman City ,29-136。对于非洲及其所暗含的西部的大多数情况,Lepelley,Les cités de l’Afrique romaine ,1:243-92仍然是最佳的研究。
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[32] E.g.,Codex Theodosianus 12.1.146 (395);Novella of Majorian 7.1 (458).
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[33]Clermont (535) c. 4,Concilia Galliae ,vol. 2,a. 511-a. 645,ed. C. de Clercq,CCSL 148A (Turnhout:Brepols,1963),106;Orleans (541) c. 26,p. 139;Mâcon I (581-83) c. 10,p. 225;以及Châlon (647/53) c. 14,p. 306.
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[34] 有关委任贵族候选人以避免地方上神职人员之间的冲突,参见Sidonius Apollinaris,Letter 7.9.3,其中有生动的评论——“一些司铎们私下里窃窃私语”(472年于布尔日);Gregory of Tours,Histories 4.15 (556年于图尔)。
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[35] 530年,罗马城教会的收入由于歉收而减少了,以至于教宗菲利克斯四世坚持要求任命一位继位者,而不是让教会遭受耗费甚巨的竞争性选举,L. Duchesne,“La succession du pape Félix IV,” Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire 3 (1883):239-66 at pp. 245-47。一场不用花钱的选举被认为是一个奇迹,参见Gregory of Tours,De vita patrum 6.3,trans. E. James,Gregory of Tours:Life of the Fathers (Liverpool:Liverpool University Press,1985)。
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[36] D. Claude,“Die Bestellung der Bischöfe im merowingischen Reiche,” Zeitschrift der Savigny Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte:Kanonistische Abteilung 49 (1963):1-77 at p. 59n290.
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