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[33] Sternberg,Orientalium more secutus ,126-35.
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[34] M. Borgolte,“Felix est homo ille qui amicos bonos relinquit: Zur sozialen Gestaltungskraft letzwilliger Verfügungen am Beispiel Bischofs Bertrams von le Mans (616),” in Festschrift für Berent Schwineköper ,ed. H. Maurer and H. Patze (Sigmaringen:J. Thorbecke,1982),5-18 at p. 13.
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[35] Sternberg,Orientalium more secutus ,150 针对与东部帝国的不同。
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[36] Tours II (567),canon 5,Concilia Galliae ,p. 178. 参见Gregory of Tours,Histories 4.47-48,6.41,7.2,7.28——关于战争的冲击。
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[37]Inscriptions chrétiennes de la Gaule antérieures au VIIIesiècle ,ed. E. Le Blant (Paris:Imprimerie impériale,1856),no. 173,1:234;和De virtutibus sancti Martini 一起被很好地翻译了出来,trans. Van Dam,Saints and Their Miracles ,313。
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[38] Gregory of Tours,De virtutibus sancti Martini 2.22,cf. 2.23.
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[39] Gregory of Tours,De virtutibus sancti Martini 2.24.
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[40] Gregory of Tours,De virtutibus sancti Martini 2.12.
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[41] M.A. Handley,Death,Society and Culture:Inscriptions and Epitaphs in Gaul and Spain ,AD 300-750,BAR International Series 1135 (Oxford:British Archaeological Reports,2003),161-63.参见L. Tolstoy,War and Peace ,book 6,chapter 17,trans. L. and A. Maude (London:Macmillan,1954),527-28。关于公教式的“虔敬”,参见P. Brown,“Relics and Social Status in the Age of Gregory of Tours,” in Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity (Berkeley:University of California Press,1982),222-50 at pp. 230-35。
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[42] Gregory of Tours,Histories 10.25.
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[43] Gregory of Tours,Histories 7.44.
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[44] Markus,The End of Ancient Christianity ,213-28,特别见p.225。
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[45]Pap. Ital . 4-5. B VII. 10-11,Tjäder,1:216. 特别参见J. Barbier,“Testaments et pratique testamentaire dans le royaume franc (VIe -VIIIe siècles),” in Sauver son ame et se perpétuer:Transmission du patrimoine et mémoire au haut Moyen Âge ,ed. F. Bougard,C. La Rocca,and R. Le Jan,Collection de l’École française de Rome 351 (Rome:école française de Rome,2005),7-79。现参见A. Angenendt,“Donationes pro anima :Gift and Countergift in the Early Medieval Liturgy,” in The Long Morning of Medieval Europe:New Directions in Early Medieval Studies ,ed. J.R. Davis and M. McCormick (Aldershot:Ashgate,2008),131-54。另参见Magnani,“Almsgiving,donatio pro anima and Eucharistic Offering”。
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[46] Brown,“The Decline of the Empire of God.”
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[47] W. Levison,“Das Testament des Diakons Adalgisel Grimo vom Jahre 634,” Trierer Zeitschrift 7 (1932):69-85,现收录于Aus rheinischer und fränkischer Frühzeit (Dusseldorf:L. Schwann,1948),118-38 at p.125。
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[48] Gregory of Tours,De virtutibus sancti Martini 2.60.
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[49] M. Weidemann,Das Testament des Bischofs Bertram von Le Mans vom 27 . März 616:Untersuchungen zu Besitz und Geschichte einer fränkischen Familie im 6. und 7. Jahrhundert , Röisch-germanisches Zentralmuseum,Monographien 9 (Mainz:R. Habelt,1986),11.
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[50] T. Head,“The Early Medieval Transformation of Piety,” in The Long Morning of Medieval Europe ,155-60 at p. 160.
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[51] M. Rubin,Charity and Community in Medieval Cambridge (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1987),299.
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[52] A. Diem,Das monastische Experiment:Die Rolle der Keuschheit bei der Entstehung des westlichen Klosterwesens ,Vita Regularis:Abhandlungen 24 (Münster:Lit,2005),178.
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[53] Gregory of Tours,Histories 3.5. 罗马城外可能存留的这样的一个例子,参见E. Fentress et al.,Walls and Memory:The Abbey of San Sebastiano at Alatri (Lazio) from Late Roman Monastery to Renaissance Villa and Beyond ,Disciplina Monastica 2 (Turnhout:Brepols,2005),34-70。
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[54] Brown,The Rise of Western Christendom ,252-55.
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[55]Regula cuiusdam ad virgines III,PL 88:1056B (Paris:J.-P. Migne,1850).
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[56] Brown,“Alms and the Afterlife.”
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[57] 特别参见B. Jussen,Name der Witwe:Erkundungen zur Semantik der mittelalterlichen Busskultur (Göttingen:Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht,2000),47-53,176-98。参见,e.g.,Narbonne (589),canon 1,Concilios visigóticos e hispano-romanos ,146,其中禁止司铎们穿紫袍,因为这是一种表现“世俗地位”的装扮。
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