打字猴:1.7011351e+09
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1701135104 1 William Gauld,Sketch of the Swatow Medical Mission,in The Chinese Recorder,Vol.VII(1876),p.37.
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1701135106 2 William Gauld,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,For 1866,Hongkong:Printed by De Souza & Co.,1867,pp.1-3.
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1701135108 3 William Gauld,“The Medical Missions at Swatow”,The Chinese Recorder,1868,p.74.
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1701135110 4 William Gauld,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,For 1868-1869,Hongkong:Printed by De Souza & Co.,1870,pp.1-7.
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1701135112 5 Ernst.H.Scott,“A Review of the Swatow Mission Hospitals:Past,Present and Future”(1931),No.728,H-10,PCEFM ARCHIVES MF.
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1701135114 6 William Gauld,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,Hongkong:Printed by De Souza & Co.,1878,p.4.
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1701135116 7 William Gauld,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1880,Hongkong:Printed by De Souza & Co.,1881,p.1.
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1701135118 8 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1882,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,1883,p.2.
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1701135120 9 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Mission Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1890,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,p.1.
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1701135125 1 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Mission Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1891,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,p.2.
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1701135127 2 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Mission Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1892 and 1893,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,p.1.
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1701135129 3 Swatow Hospital.November 1,1910 to October 31,1911,No.638,H-10,Presbyterian Church of England,Foreign Mission’s Committee in Missionary Archives on Asia,East Asia 1847-1950(London,S.O.A.S.,1986.Leiden:IDC,1987)(以下简写为PCEFM ARCHIVES MF)。
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1701135131 4 G.Ducan Whyte,Report of the Swatow Mission Hospital,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1914,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,1915,p.1.
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1701135133 5 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Swatow Mission Hospita,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1916,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,1917,pp.3-4.
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1701135135 6 Reports and Accounts of the Swatow Mission Hospital in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1926 & 1927(原件无出版社和出版日期),pp.2-3.
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1701135137 应当指出的是,门诊人数系指直接在汕头福音医院门诊部就医的病人,并不包括医院医生或助手外出到各传道站巡诊的人数在内。实际上这部分人数也是相当可观的。如上述1866年虽没有单独列出的医院门诊人数,但医院门诊和巡诊人数为2273名,1867年为2071名,1868年为2342名,1910年单是巡诊人数为5222名。如果将巡诊人数加进去,至迟到19世纪90年代中期汕头福音医院每年诊治的病人已达到万余人,到1916前后应达到两万余人。考虑到汕头市到1914年市区人口才36851人,(24)则此期间医院病人占市区人口的比例当在一半以上。实际上,这是不可能的。因为医院病人不可能都来自市区。根据传教士的报告,医院病人大多来自距离汕头周边60英里到80英里的村镇,根据这个距离可以判定,病人基本上涵盖了潮州府的辖区。前文已述,英国长老会在潮汕主要开办有三所医院,所以,要判断长老会医院在本地区的整体影响,必须将五经富医院和潮州府城之医院的诊治人数也考虑进去。这两所医院均无系统的统计数据,五经富医院1884年的病人总数2390名,(25)1886年的病人总数为2540名,(26)其规模应为汕头福音医院的一半左右。潮州府城之医院1904年度病人总数为3976名,1905年度为4935名,其规模相当于汕头福音医院的三分之一强。如果各年度大体保持该比例的话,则可以推断,整个长老会的医院系统在19世纪80年代中期以后可以诊治的病人约在1万余人,当时潮州府的总人数当在200万到300万之间,(27)则当时医院病人占地区总人口的0.5%左右,到清末三所医院的一年病人总数(包括巡诊人数在内),当有3万余人,占1%左右。进入民国之后,该比例应当还要略高一些。
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1701135139 现在的问题是在教会医院中,究竟有多少病人属于医院所在市镇的人口,如果是本埠病人占多数,乃至占绝大多数,则该医院的影响力自然主要是在所在市镇。换句话说,教会医院究竟是面向市民的社区性医院,还是在本地具有广泛辐射面的区域性医院,必须根据病人的来源进行分析。吴威凛到达汕头的第二年(1864年)就报告说,医院的病人来自300个不同的乡村,(28)1866年报告说,登记册上病人来自400多处地方,既包括了潮州地区的市镇和乡村,也包括福建省的邻近地区。(29)从1882年起,汕头福音医院的年度报告提供了病人的地域分布。现列表如下:
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1701135141 汕头福音医院病人地域分布表
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1701135146 3 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1882,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,1883,p.3.
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1701135148 4 Alexander Lyall,Report of the Medical Missionary Hospital at Swatow,in Connection with the Presbyterian Church of England,for 1883,Swatow:Printed by Kwai Fung,1884,p.6.
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