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1701299770 一个重要的问题是,我们该如何保护被试在心理学研究中免遭不合理的欺骗手段的伤害,而又同时允许某些科学研究进行所必要的欺骗继续存在?温德勒(Wendler,1996)建议在研究涉及欺骗手段时,研究者应给予被试更高水平的知情同意权(参见本书前言部分对此概念的讨论)。这就意味着,在你同意成为实验被试之前,工作人员会告诉你在此实验中可能会用到欺骗手段,尽管你可能并不会意识到欺骗的确切内容。温德勒声称:“这种对于可接受的欺骗的二级许可给我们提供了最好的机会来协调二者的关系,即既要尊重被试,又要满足科学实验所偶尔需要的欺骗过程。”(P.87)
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1701299772 结论
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1701299774 研究米尔格拉姆的史学家托马斯·布拉斯(2002年)在其所著的关于米尔格拉姆生活和工作的传记中给本研究提供了一个适宜的结论:
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1701299776 我们不需要米尔格拉姆告诉我们自己有服从他人命令的倾向。在米尔格拉姆的实验前,我们不知道的是这种倾向的力量有多大。了解我们极强的遵从权威的倾向后,我们可以设法使自己提防不受欢迎或应受谴责的命令(Blass, 2002, P.73)。
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1701299778 Baumrind, D.(1964).Some thoughts on the ethics of research: After reading Milgram’s “Behavioral Study of Obedience.” American Psychologist,19, 421-423.
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1701299780 Blass, T.(1999).The Milgram paradigm after 35 years: Some things we now know about obedience to authority.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(5), 955-978.
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1701299782 Blass, T.(2002).The man who shocked the world.Psychology Today, 35, 68-74.
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1701299784 Blass, T.(2004).The man who shocked the world.New York: Basic Books.
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1701299786 Brief, E., Collins, B., & Miller, A.(1995).Perspectives on obedience to authority: The legacy of the Milgram experiments.The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 51,1–19.
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1701299788 Milgram, S.(1964).Issues in the study of obedience: A reply to Baumrind.American Psychologist,19, 448-452.
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1701299790 Milgram, S.(1974).Obedience to authority.New York: Harper & Row.
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1701299792 Miller, A.G.(1986).The obedience studies: A case study of controversy in social science.New York: Praeger.
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1701299794 Orne, M.T., & Holland, C.H.(1968).On the ecological validity of laboratory deceptions.International Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 282–293.
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1701299796 Osofsky, M., & Osofsky, H.(2002).The Psychological Experience of Security Officers Who Work with Executions.Psychiatry: International and Biological Processes, 65, 358-370.
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1701299798 Pittenger, D.(2003).Internet research: An opportunity to revisit classic ethical problems in behavioral research.Ethics and Behavior,13, 45-60.
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1701299800 Wendler, D.(1996).Deception in medical and behavioral research: Is it ever acceptable? Milbank Quarterly, 74(1), 87.
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1701299814 改变:和未知的自己面对面
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1701299816 作者: 杰弗里·科特勒
1701299817 出版: 北京联合出版公司
1701299818 ISBN: 9787550289338
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