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168 “他们还有几分钟才能准备好……”：我在这里将一切简化了——实际上研究有三大情形，40位参与者。这三天情形分别为：高度匆忙，中度匆忙，低度匆忙。最有趣的两大情形是在高度匆忙与低度匆忙之间，所以，这也就成为我在这里所叙述的事实。
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169 李·罗斯教授和他的同事们：Ross, L. D., Amabile, T. M., & Steinmetz, J. L. (1977). Social roles, social control, and biases in social-perception processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(7), 485–494, p. 485.
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169 “哪只队伍赢得了1969年世锦赛？”：罗斯实验的实际问题，在文献中并未提及，但这些例子说明了问题的类型、范围、宽度。关于奥登和冰川的问题都来自原始报告。罗斯，L.，个人交流。1991年1月。
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170 基本归因错误：基本归因错误受到了很多批评，包括其社会过程，而不仅仅是推理过程，参见Gawronski, B. (2004)。Theory-based bias correction in dispositional inference: The fundamental attribution error is dead, long live the correspondence bias. European Review of Social Psychology, 15(1), 183–217.
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此外，这是西方文化所特有的，反映了个体差异：
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Clarke, S. (2006). Appealing to the fundamental attribution error: Was it all a big mistake? In D. Coady (Ed.), Conspiracy theories: The philosophical debate (pp. 130–140). Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing.
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Hooghiemstra, R. (2008). East-West differences in attributions for company performance: A content analysis of Japanese and U. S. corporate annual reports. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(5), 618–629.
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Langdridge, D., & Butt, T. (2004). The fundamental attribution error: A phenomenological critique. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(3), 357–369.
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Truchot, D., Maure, G., & Patte, S. (2003). Do attributions change over time when the actor’s behavior is hedonically relevant to the perceiver? The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(2), 202–208.
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171 结果偏见推论：Mackie, D. M., Allison, S. T., Worth, L. T., & Asuncion, A. G. (1992). The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28(1), 43–64.
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171 乔莉通过了一门很难的大学课程：这个例子来自 Mackie, D. M., Allison, S. T., Worth, L. T., & Asuncion, A. G. (1992). The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28(1), 43–64.
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171 我们会继续认为：Allison, S. T., & Messick, D. M. (1985). The group attribution error. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(6), 563–579.
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Mackie, D. M., Allison, S. T., Worth, L. T., & Asuncion, A. G. (1992). The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28(1), 43–64.
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Schaller, M. (1992). In-group favoritism and statistical reasoning in social inference: Implications for formation and maintenance of group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1), 61–74.
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171 原始的、无意识的暗示：Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
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Mackie, D. M., Allison, S. T., Worth, L. T., & Asuncion, A. G. (1992). The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28(1), 43–64.
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172 “陪审团将不予理会上次庭审证据”：Rachlinski, J. J., Wistrich, A. J., & Guthrie, C. (2005). Can judges ignore inadmissible information? The difficulty of deliberately disregarding. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 153(4), 1251–1345.
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172 他所提供的数据是正确的：Anderson, C. A., & Kellam, K. L. (1992). Belief perseverance, biased assimilation, and covariation detection: The effects of hypothetical social theories and new data. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(5), 555–565.
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Bonabeau, E. (2009). Decisions 2. 0: The power of collective intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(2), 45–52.
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Carretta, T. R., & Moreland, R. L. (1982). Nixon and Watergate: A field demonstration of belief perseverance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8(3), 446–453.
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Guenther, C. L., & Alicke, M. D. (2008). Self-enhancement and belief perseverance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 706–712.
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当证据被证实无效的时候，决定的情感质量仍旧存在。Sherman, D. K., & Kim, H. S. (2002). Affective perseverance: The resistance of affect to cognitive invalidation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(2), 224–237.
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172 一群男性大学生被带进实验室：Nisbett, R. E., & Valins, S. (1972). Perceiving the causes of one’s own behavior. In D. E. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 63–78). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
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Valins, S. (2007). Persistent effects of information about internal reactions: Ineffectiveness of debriefing. In H. London & R. E. Nisbett (Eds.), Thought and feeling: The cognitive alteration of feeling states. Chicago, IL: Aldine Transaction
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以下为有趣的基本归因错误的反面观点及其设计的情形：Malle, B. F. (2006). The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis. Psychogical Bulletin, 132(6), 895–919.
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