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以下为有趣的基本归因错误的反面观点及其设计的情形：Malle, B. F. (2006). The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis. Psychogical Bulletin, 132(6), 895–919.
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173 实验者还已经预先设置了频率的波动：实验的先决条件是，心跳快速增加预示着高水平的觉醒，高水平的吸引。这不涉及某位女性被广泛认为比其他女性更具吸引力——这个因素是随机的，所以实验中男性的心态能在不同图片中达到顶峰。
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173 结果就会相对稳定：几乎直接摘自Valins, S. (2005). Persistent effects of information about internal reactions: Ineffectiveness of debriefing. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 40(3), 161–165.
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173 尼古拉斯·埃普利认为：Epley, N. (2014). Mindwise: How we understand what others think, believe, feel, and want. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
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174 显著差异维度：Eckert, P. (1989). Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the high school. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
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175 组内成员会比组外成员更倾向于：Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY
:Springer-Verlag.
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175内侧前额叶皮层：D’Argembeau, A., Ruby, P., Collette, F., Degueldre, C., Balteau, E., Luxen, A., … Salmon, E. (2007). Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(6), 935–944.
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Mitchell, J. P., Banaji, M. R., & MacRae, C. N. (2005). The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1306–1315.
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Northoff, G., & Bermpohl, F. (2004). Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(3), 102–107.
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175 神游模式就会被激活：D’Argembeau, A., Ruby, P., Collette, F., Degueldre, C., Balteau, E., Luxen,
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A., … Salmon, E. (2007). Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(6), 935–944.
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Gusnard, D. A., Akbudak, E., Shulman, G. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(7), 4259–4264.
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Mitchell, J. P., Banaji, M. R., & MacRae, C. N. (2005). The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1306–1315.
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175 完全站不住脚的：Rabbie, J. M., & Horwitz, M. (1969). Arousal of ingroup-outgroup bias by a chance win or loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13(3), 269–277, p. 269.
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176 命运相互依存：Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflicts: Selected papers on group dynamics. Oxford, UK: Harper.
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176 这种相似的简单操作：如果这一切似乎还牵强，那么，潜在的机制可能与自尊有关。俄勒冈大学的心理学家米克·罗斯巴特曾经说过，我们倾向于通过提升与我们相似的组别，贬低与我们不同的组别来增加我们的自尊。罗伯特·恰尔迪尼发现，当人们通过实验体会到失去自尊时，会显著地影响他们所喜爱的运动队：他们可能将获胜的队伍称之为“我们”，将失败的队伍称之为“他们”。
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Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(3), 366–375.
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Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
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176 将人类分成：Rothbart, M., & Hallmark, W. (1988). In-group-out-group differences in the perceived efficacy of coercion and conciliation in resolving social conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 248–257.
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177 对某个类别的人或事物的概括：除了我在本文所提到的以外，种族主义还有其他解释。例如，Brown, R. (2010). Prejudice: Its social psychology, (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
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Major, B., & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393–421.
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Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2005). Race as biology is fiction, racism as a social problem is real: Anthropological and historical perspectives on the social construction of race. American Psychologist, 60(1), 16–26, p. 16.
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177 米克·罗特巴特在一个班：Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, p. 112.
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177 在组内组外的偏见中：几乎直接摘自Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, p. 112.
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177 互相更加了解：这被称为组内沟通理论。Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783.
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