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Northoff, G., & Bermpohl, F. (2004). Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(3), 102–107.
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175 神游模式就会被激活：D’Argembeau, A., Ruby, P., Collette, F., Degueldre, C., Balteau, E., Luxen,
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A., … Salmon, E. (2007). Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(6), 935–944.
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Gusnard, D. A., Akbudak, E., Shulman, G. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(7), 4259–4264.
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Mitchell, J. P., Banaji, M. R., & MacRae, C. N. (2005). The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(8), 1306–1315.
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175 完全站不住脚的：Rabbie, J. M., & Horwitz, M. (1969). Arousal of ingroup-outgroup bias by a chance win or loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13(3), 269–277, p. 269.
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176 命运相互依存：Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflicts: Selected papers on group dynamics. Oxford, UK: Harper.
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176 这种相似的简单操作：如果这一切似乎还牵强，那么，潜在的机制可能与自尊有关。俄勒冈大学的心理学家米克·罗斯巴特曾经说过，我们倾向于通过提升与我们相似的组别，贬低与我们不同的组别来增加我们的自尊。罗伯特·恰尔迪尼发现，当人们通过实验体会到失去自尊时，会显著地影响他们所喜爱的运动队：他们可能将获胜的队伍称之为“我们”，将失败的队伍称之为“他们”。
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Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(3), 366–375.
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Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
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176 将人类分成：Rothbart, M., & Hallmark, W. (1988). In-group-out-group differences in the perceived efficacy of coercion and conciliation in resolving social conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 248–257.
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177 对某个类别的人或事物的概括：除了我在本文所提到的以外，种族主义还有其他解释。例如，Brown, R. (2010). Prejudice: Its social psychology, (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
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Major, B., & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393–421.
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Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2005). Race as biology is fiction, racism as a social problem is real: Anthropological and historical perspectives on the social construction of race. American Psychologist, 60(1), 16–26, p. 16.
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177 米克·罗特巴特在一个班：Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, p. 112.
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177 在组内组外的偏见中：几乎直接摘自Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, p. 112.
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177 互相更加了解：这被称为组内沟通理论。Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783.
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178 “这里的情况是……”：Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 109–134). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, p. 113.
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178 我们往往不会重新评估这种刻板印象：Rothbart, M., & Lewis, S. (1988). Inferring category attributes from exemplar attributes: Geometric shapes and social categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(5), 861–872.
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178 1962年加勒比海危机：Garthoff, R. L. (1988). Cuban missile crisis: The Soviet story. Foreign Policy, 72, 61–80.
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178 “试着让你从我们的角度看待问题”：赫鲁晓夫（1962年10月24号）。给肯尼迪总统的信。肯尼迪总统图书馆，总统办公室文件，古巴。不分类标记。官方翻译由国会负责，非官方翻译由莫斯科大使负责（1070号电报，12月25日；国会；总统信件，lot 66 D：304）国务院简报印刷出版，1973年11月19日，P637–639。
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历史学家办公室，美国国务院。(n. d.)。赫鲁晓夫交流：63号文件。Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963 (6).摘自 http:// history. state. gov/ historicaldocuments/ frus1961-63v06/ d63。
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178 “如果你真的关心你国家人民的和平……”：赫鲁晓夫（1962年），苏联大使给美国国会的信件，1962年12月26日，晚上7点。Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Countries Series, USSR, Khrushchev Correspondence. Secret; Eyes Only; Niact; Verbatim Text. Passed to the White House at 9:15 p. m. October 26. Other copies of this message are in Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 66 D 204, and ibid.: Lot 77 D 163. A copy of the Russian-language text is in the former. This “informal translation” and an “official translation” prepared by the Department of State are printed in Department of State Bulletin, November 19, 1973, pp. 640–645.
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Office of the Historian, U. S. Department of State. (n. d.). Kennedy-Krushchev exchanges: Document 65. In Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963 (6). 摘自 http:// history. state. gov/ historicaldocuments/ frus1961-63v06/ d65
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179 他将肯尼迪从组外成员变为组内成员：模拟实验参见罗思巴特的第二个模拟实验, M., & Hallmark, W. (1988). In-group-out-group differences in the perceived efficacy of coercion and conciliation in resolving social conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 248–257.
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